Otorhinolaryngology
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Palliative Care Timing, Tracheostomy, and Gastrostomy in Head and Neck Cancer: Implications for End-of-Life Quality and Costs
Early palliative care may reduce healthcare costs in head and neck cancer patients using tracheostomy or gastrostomy tubes but does not lessen aggressive hospital care or promote home deaths at the end of life.
Palliative Care, Tracheostomy and Gastrostomy Tube Use, and End-of-Life Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
This review synthesizes evidence on the timing of palliative care and the use of tracheostomy/gastrostomy tubes in head and neck cancer patients, highlighting their impact on end-of-life costs, quality, and care settings.
General Practice Follow-up After Pediatric Ventilation Tube Insertion Is Noninferior to ENT Surveillance: Results from the ConVenTu Trial
A multicenter randomized noninferiority trial found that GP observation after pediatric ventilation tube insertion produced audiometric outcomes at 2 years that were noninferior to routine ENT follow-up, with no increase in complications.
Proton Beam vs IMRT for Olfactory Neuroblastoma: Too Little Data for a Definitive Answer — What the New Propensity-Matched Cohort Tells Us
A multi-institutional propensity-matched cohort found no definitive differences in oncologic outcomes or grade ≥2 radiotherapy toxicities between adjuvant proton beam radiotherapy and IMRT for olfactory neuroblastoma, but estimates were imp
Deep Learning in Otolaryngology: Promises, Performance, and Pathways to Clinical Use
This critical synthesis of a 2020–2025 narrative review (327 DL studies) evaluates deep learning (DL) applications across diagnosis, prognosis, segmentation, and emerging intraoperative uses in otolaryngology and outlines practical steps fo
Preoperative CT Before Balloon Sinus Dilation: Most Comply — But One-Third of Surgeons Perform Procedures Without Recent Imaging
A Medicare claims analysis found that 15% of balloon sinus dilation (BSD) procedures lacked a CT within one year; 31.8% of otolaryngologists were outliers, with a small subset accounting for the majority of missed imaging—highlighting gaps
Preoperative CT Was Missing in 15% of Balloon Sinus Dilations — Medicare Claims Reveal a Clinically Significant Practice Gap
A Medicare claims study of 19,692 balloon sinus dilations found 15% lacked a CT within one year; 31.8% of otolaryngologists were outliers, with a small group accounting for most missed imaging, highlighting gaps in adherence to preoperative
Neural Networks Predict Survival for Older Adults With Head and Neck Cancer — Useful, but Not Yet Practice-Changing
An international cohort study developed and externally validated artificial neural networks that stratify older adults with locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with definitive chemoradiation. Models
Treatment of a Mandibular Molar with Primary Failure of Eruption: A Case Report
A 12-year-old female with primary failure of eruption (PFE) affecting the right mandibular first molar is treated successfully via extraction and orthodontic repositioning, restoring function and occlusion.
APOE ε4, Age and Sex Converge to Disturb Anterior Olfactory Nucleus Physiology: Electrophysiologic Evidence for Early Alzheimer’s Vulnerability
In vivo awake recordings in transgenic mice show APOE ε4 reduces neuronal excitability in the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON); adult females are more excitable than males (a sex difference lost with aging), while aging amplifies network os
Carboxypeptidase D (CPD) Mutations Cause Congenital Hearing Loss — and Point to an Actionable NO/cGMP Pathway
A JCI study links recessive CPD missense variants to congenital deafness, defines a pathogenic mechanism through impaired arginine–NO–cGMP signaling with ER stress and apoptosis, and shows rescue in models with arginine or sildenafil — offe
AAV‑OTOF Gene Therapy Restores Substantial Hearing in DFNB9 Across Ages — Rapid, Age‑dependent Benefits in a First-in‑Human Trial
A single‑arm trial of AAV‑OTOF (Anc80L65) in 10 patients (1.5–23.9 years) with autosomal recessive deafness 9 showed good tolerability and rapid, clinically meaningful hearing gains, with optimal outcomes in children aged 5–8 years; longer
OTOF Gene Therapy Rivaled—and in Some Domains Outperformed—Cochlear Implants in Restoring Hearing and Speech in Congenital Deafness
A 2022–2024 nonblinded cohort study found OTOF gene therapy produced rapid, durable gains in auditory thresholds, speech perception, mismatch-negativity responses, and music perception versus cochlear implantation in children with genetical
Fast versus Slow Compression in Hearing Aids: Hearing Thresholds Predict Preference but Not Speech Outcomes
A randomized crossover trial in older adults found that hearing-loss severity — not cognition or prior hearing-aid experience — predicts preference for slow versus fast compression; speech recognition in quiet and noise was unchanged by com
Unilateral Pediatric Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion Impairs Binaural Hearing and Raises Tinnitus Risk: Evidence Challenging Conservative Management
A prospective cross-sectional study finds unilateral chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) in children is associated with poorer spatial release from masking and high tinnitus prevalence, suggesting potential central auditory consequenc
NLRP3 Inflammasome in Hearing Loss: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies
The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a central role in inflammation-mediated sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Genetic and acquired activation causes cochlear damage through cytokine release and pyroptosis. Targeted therapies, including IL-1 block
Hearing Aids Improve Some Aspects of Socio-Emotional Well‑being — But Not All: Insights from the WHAM Longitudinal Study
The WHAM longitudinal study finds modest psychosocial benefits from hearing‑aid uptake—reduced depression in people without tinnitus and lower loneliness in older adults—while showing limited mediation by self-perceived hearing disability a
Lower, More Frequent Cisplatin Dosing Substantially Reduces Hearing Loss in Head and Neck Cancer Without Compromising Short‑Term Survival
A multicenter retrospective cohort shows weekly low‑dose cisplatin markedly lowers ototoxicity compared with standard high‑dose every‑3‑week cisplatin in CRT for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, with similar two‑year survival.
Cochlear Implant Benefits in Children with Single‑Sided Deafness: Better in Quiet, Challenged in Noise — and Time Matters
In 185 children receiving unilateral cochlear implants, residual acoustic hearing favored the non-implanted ear in quiet (especially for SSD), but noise attenuated that advantage. Shorter auditory deprivation and longer CI experience reduce
Longitudinal Developmental Outcomes and Early Cochlear Implantation Benefits in Children with Prelingual Single-Sided Deafness: Evidence Synthesis and Clinical Recommendations
Early cochlear implantation in children with prelingual single-sided deafness improves spatial hearing and cognitive outcomes, supporting neurodevelopment and mitigating risks of auditory deprivation and cortical reorganization.
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