Pediatrics
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Early Neutrophil and Persistent Eosinophil Gene Signatures in Childhood Asthma
A longitudinal blood gene-expression study in children found an early neutrophil-driven immune pattern at age 1, followed by a persistent eosinophilic signature from 4.5 to 10.5 years in those who later developed asthma.
Low-Yield or High-Value? Preoperative Cardiac Workup in Children With Very Severe OSA
Preoperative cardiac testing in children with very severe OSA had low diagnostic yield and rarely changed management. Risk appeared highest in obese adolescents with AHI >50 events/hour.
When the Prenatal Ultrasound “Level” Does Not Match the Neurologic Reality: Mapping Anatomical-Motor Discordance in Open Spinal Dysraphism
In 187 fetuses with open spinal dysraphism, prenatal motor level was more caudal than the anatomical level in 85% of cases, with larger gaps in myeloschisis and higher lesions.
Why the Spinal Lesion Level on Prenatal Ultrasound Often Does Not Match Fetal Motor Function
Prenatal ultrasound in open spinal dysraphism often underestimates functional level: in 85% of fetuses, motor level was more caudal than anatomy. Lesion type and height influenced the gap, with implications for counseling and fetal care pla
New Consensus Maps the Future of Pediatric Stroke Rehabilitation in Australia and New Zealand
A modified Delphi study reached regional consensus on the most important outcomes and measurement tools for pediatric stroke rehabilitation, highlighting practical ways to standardize care and research across Australasia.
PRDM9 Deficiency Identifies a Predominant Molecular Subgroup in Sporadic Hirschsprung Disease and Enables Blood-based Risk Stratification
A 2026 Gastroenterology study links PRDM9 deficiency to ectopic DNA breaks, mosaic promoter deletions, and impaired enteric neuronal differentiation in sporadic Hirschsprung disease, while introducing a blood-based molecular score that impr
A Mobility-Enabled Active Driver for Berlin Heart EXCOR Showed Zero Major Device Malfunctions in High-Risk Pediatric VAD Support
In a prospective multicenter study, the EXCOR Active Driver demonstrated excellent reliability and high short-term survival in children requiring ventricular assist support, while supporting a registry-enabled pathway for class III pediatri
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness at 36 Weeks May Help Predict 2-Year Neurodevelopment in Very Preterm Infants
In very preterm infants, thicker retinal nerve fiber layer on OCT at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age was associated with better motor and cognitive outcomes at 2 years, supporting retinal imaging as a potential early neurodevelopmental biomarke
Neurocognitive Outcomes of In Utero Exposure to Antiseizure Medication: An Australian Cohort Study
An Australian cohort study found that prenatal exposure to valproate, levetiracetam, topiramate, and carbamazepine was associated with poorer cognitive outcomes in children, while lamotrigine exposure was not.
Checkpoint Inhibition Is Reshaping Pediatric Lymphoma Care, Led by Breakthroughs in Hodgkin Lymphoma and Expanding into PD-L1–Positive Non-Hodgkin Subtypes
Immune checkpoint therapy has become a major advance in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma and is now being actively tested across selected pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphomas with strong PD-L1 biology.
Efficacy and Safety of Ecopipam for Tourette Syndrome: Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial
This phase 3 trial found that ecopipam reduced tic relapse and maintained symptom improvement in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome, with mainly central nervous system side effects and no major weight or metabolic concerns.
Disrupted MAML1 Phase Separation Emerges as a New Mechanism Linking Notch Failure to Congenital Heart Disease
A Circulation study identifies MAML1 as a candidate congenital heart disease gene and shows that defective phase separation in endocardial cells suppresses Notch signaling, impairing endocardial-to-mesenchymal transition and causing septal
Pilot Study: Busulfan-Based Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation Plus GD2 Antibody Therapy for High-Risk Neuroblastoma
A small pilot study found that busulfan-based haploidentical stem cell transplantation followed by dinutuximab beta was feasible and may improve long-term remission in very high-risk neuroblastoma.
Dietary Patterns and Asthma Endotypes in Puerto Rican Youth
In Puerto Rican youth, an unhealthy diet was linked to higher odds of T17-high asthma, suggesting diet may influence asthma through immune pathways beyond allergy-related inflammation.
Spontaneous Preterm Birth as a Sentinel for Cardiovascular Mortality: Insights from a National Registry Study
A large-scale Dutch cohort study reveals that women with a history of spontaneous preterm birth face a significantly elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality, with the highest risk observed in those delivering before 32 weeks of gestation.
Extracorporeal CPR May Improve Survival After Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest, but Evidence Remains Early
A Japanese multicenter registry study suggests ECPR may improve 1-month survival and neurologic outcomes in selected children with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, although estimates were imprecise and residual confounding remains a major li
Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
In selected children with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, extracorporeal CPR was associated with higher one-month survival and better neurologic outcomes than continued conventional CPR, though the study was observational and estimates were
In Transition-Age Childhood-Onset GH Deficiency, Glucagon Test Results Reflect Pituitary Damage More Than Body Mass Index
In 180 adolescents and young adults with childhood-onset GH deficiency, glucagon-stimulated GH secretion was driven mainly by hypothalamic-pituitary disease severity, while BMI had little independent effect after accounting for etiology.
Frenotomy Use in Danish Infants More Than Doubled Over a Decade, With Marked Geographic Variation and Limited Signals of Serious Harm
A nationwide Danish cohort study found rapid growth in infant frenotomy, wide municipal variation, and rare severe complications, raising questions about clinical appropriateness in the setting of limited evidence for benefit.
Nebulized Ciprofloxacin-Dexamethasone Appears Well Tolerated After Pediatric Airway Surgery in a Large Retrospective Cohort
A single-center retrospective study of 399 pediatric airway surgery patients found no significant adverse events clearly linked to postoperative nebulized ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone, supporting short-term safety while leaving efficacy and
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