Infectious Diseases
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Hantavirus in Pregnancy: Why Obstetricians Need a High Index of Suspicion
Hantavirus infection in pregnancy is rare but potentially fatal. Obstetricians should suspect it after rodent or travel exposure, recognize rapid respiratory decline, and prioritize supportive critical care because no proven antiviral thera
Early, Broad Oseltamivir Prophylaxis May Cut Hospitalizations in Nursing Home Influenza Outbreaks
Prompt oseltamivir prophylaxis covering at least 70% of eligible nursing home residents within 2 days of outbreak detection was associated with fewer hospitalizations, but not lower mortality.
Fast, Broad Oseltamivir Use in Nursing Home Flu Outbreaks May Cut Hospitalizations
In a real-world target trial emulation, starting oseltamivir prophylaxis within 2 days for at least 70% of eligible nursing home residents was linked to fewer hospitalizations, but not lower short-term mortality.
Post-infection Gut-Brain Disorders Affect About 1 in 10 People With DGBI Worldwide, With Distinct Psychological and Regional Patterns
A large 26-country survey found that post-infection disorders of gut-brain interaction account for 10.5% of DGBI cases and are linked to younger age, male sex, urban living, anxiety, and greater somatic symptom burden.
Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis in the Modern Diagnostic Era: Patient Characteristics and Heterogeneity in a Nationwide Cohort
A nationwide Danish study found that culture-negative infective endocarditis was less common than previously reported, often presented without fever or sepsis, and showed higher embolic risk. PET-CT was especially useful in prosthetic valve
When a Stomach Bug Doesn’t End: The Hidden Global Burden of Post-Infection Gut Disorders
A major global study shows that some people develop lasting gut-brain disorders after acute gastroenteritis, linking infections to chronic digestive and psychological symptoms.
HBsAg Seroclearance Lowers Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Beyond Viral Suppression in Cirrhosis, but Does Not Reduce Hepatic Decompensation
In NA-treated cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B with complete viral suppression, HBsAg seroclearance was linked to lower HCC risk but not lower hepatic decompensation, reinforcing functional cure as a meaningful but incomplete clinical endpoint
Swedish Population Data Suggest SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination Do Not Confer a Sustained Causal Risk of New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes
In a nationwide Swedish cohort, type 1 diabetes diagnoses rose briefly after SARS-CoV-2 infection and first vaccine dose, but the signal was short-lived, supporting diagnostic acceleration rather than a durable causal effect.
Impact of Appropriate Antimicrobial Therapy on ICU Patient Outcomes: Subanalysis of the DIANA Study Dataset
In critically ill ICU patients with confirmed bacterial infections, appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy was common and independently linked to lower 28-day mortality and more antimicrobial-free days.
Digital Shared Decision Support Increased STI Testing for Adolescents and Young Adults in the Emergency Department
In a randomized controlled trial, the STIckER smartphone-based decision aid increased gonorrhea/chlamydia and pharyngeal STI testing in emergency department patients aged 14 to 24 years, while improving decisional clarity, satisfaction, and
Large-Scale Meta-Analysis Finds Higher Influenza and Shingles Risk with JAK-STAT Inhibitors
A large meta-analysis found JAK-STAT inhibitors slightly increased influenza, bronchitis, and herpes zoster risk, especially in atopic dermatitis, while serious and opportunistic infections were not significantly increased.
Rapid Respiratory Point-of-Care Testing and Antibiotic Use in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial
A randomized trial found that rapid respiratory point-of-care testing did not reduce same-day antibiotic prescribing in primary care, though it was safe and may help when a virus is detected.
Diabetes, Male Sex, and Low HBsAg, HDV RNA, and ALT Predict Spontaneous HDV Suppression in Chronic Hepatitis D
In 1,610 untreated chronic hepatitis D patients, spontaneous HDV suppression was uncommon but increased over time. Diabetes, male sex, and lower baseline HBsAg, HDV RNA, and ALT predicted suppression and fewer liver-related events.
Lower Airway Dysbiosis in NTM-Positive Bronchiectasis Is Linked to NET-Dominant Severe Phenotypes
In NTM-positive bronchiectasis, lower airway dysbiosis involving Mycobacterium and oral bacteria is linked to higher NET levels and more severe disease phenotypes, suggesting that the broader airway microbiome may shape inflammation and out
New SCCM–ESICM Consensus Defines Refractory Septic Shock
A new SCCM–ESICM Delphi consensus standardizes clinical criteria for refractory septic shock, focusing on persistent hypoperfusion, fluid unresponsiveness, high vasopressor needs, and bedside ultrasound when mixed shock is suspected.
First-Trimester Maternal CMV Infection Concentrates the Risk of Fetal Brain Injury, Hearing Loss, and Autism Spectrum Disorder
A large prospective cohort suggests that long-term sequelae of congenital CMV after primary maternal infection are confined to first-trimester exposure, with autism spectrum disorder linked to temporal lobe white matter abnormalities.
Bone Marrow Immune Profiling Identifies a Practical Infection Risk Score in Multiple Myeloma
A large multicenter study links specific bone marrow immune cell patterns to infection risk in multiple myeloma and proposes a clinically relevant immune score that may support minimally invasive monitoring.
Whole-Genome Sequencing Suggests Casual Community Contact Drives Much of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Transmission in Durban
A molecular epidemiology study in Durban found that casual community contact, not only household or named contacts, accounted for a substantial share of drug-resistant tuberculosis transmission.
“Never More Than 15 Feet From the Respirator”: Housestaff Research During the 1955 Boston Polio Epidemic
During Boston’s devastating 1955 polio epidemic, Massachusetts General Hospital trainees conducted groundbreaking patient research while providing round-the-clock care in iron lung wards – a striking contrast to trainee roles during COVID-1
Pairing HDV RNA With Anti-HDV Levels May Sharpen Staging and Treatment Monitoring in HBV/HDV Coinfection
In HBsAg-positive, anti-HDV-positive patients, combined measurement of HDV RNA and anti-HDV titers distinguished inactive from active disease and tracked interferon response more effectively than either marker alone.
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