Pediatrics
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Paracetamol vs. Ibuprofen in Infancy: The PIPPA Tamariki Trial Finds No Differential Risk for Eczema or Bronchiolitis
The PIPPA Tamariki randomized controlled trial demonstrates that using paracetamol versus ibuprofen as needed in the first year of life does not significantly alter the risk of developing eczema or bronchiolitis by age one, challenging long
The Global Crisis of Paediatric Suffering: 81% of Palliative Care Needs Now Stem from Survivors, Not Decedents
A 30-year analysis reveals that 10.6 million children experience serious health-related suffering annually, with a massive shift toward chronic, non-decedent care needs in low- and middle-income countries.
Automated Oxygen Control vs. Manual Care: Large-Scale Trial Finds No Difference in Clinical Outcomes for Extremely Preterm Infants
A multicenter randomized trial of 1,082 extremely preterm infants found that automated FiO2 control did not significantly reduce death or major morbidities compared to manual titration, though it remains a safe labor-saving tool for neonata
Dose-Response Risk: How Multiple Maternal Chronic Conditions Shape Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality
This population-based cohort study of over 1 million births reveals that maternal multiple chronic conditions (MCC) significantly increase the risk of severe neonatal morbidity and mortality, with risks escalating alongside the number, comp
The Age Gap Penalty: Why Donor-Recipient Mismatch Shortens Graft Life in Adolescent Liver Transplants
A nationwide study reveals that adolescent liver transplant recipients receiving grafts from donors 10+ years older face a 12.7% reduction in 10-year graft survival. Expanding allocation radii could improve access to age-matched organs and
Early Life Origins of Hypertension: Longitudinal Evidence That Blood Pressure Tracks from Birth to School Age
A longitudinal study of the ENVIRONAGE cohort reveals that blood pressure tracks consistently from birth through childhood, with higher neonatal readings significantly increasing the risk of hypertension by age 11, emphasizing the need for
Beyond Pediatric Survival: The Disproportionate Impact of Childhood-Onset Complex Chronic Conditions on Adult Hospital Systems
This study reveals that young adults with childhood-onset complex chronic conditions (4Cs) account for over 10% of hospital bed-days despite being a small patient volume. They face longer stays, higher costs, and frequent readmissions, high
Cerebral Oximetry-Guided Treatment Significantly Stabilizes Oxygenation in Extremely Preterm Infants: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial
A randomized trial involving 100 extremely preterm infants shows that cerebral oximetry-guided treatment using a standardized guideline and NIRS device significantly reduces the burden of cerebral hypoxia and hyperoxia during the first five
Plant-Based Growth: Large-Scale Cohort Study Finds Vegan Infant Growth Trajectories Align with Omnivorous Peers by Age Two
A retrospective cohort study of nearly 1.2 million infants demonstrates that while vegan family diets are associated with a slight initial risk of underweight, long-term growth trajectories for length, weight, and head circumference converg
Cerebral Oximetry-Guided Protocol Slashes Hypoxia and Hyperoxia Burden in Extremely Preterm Neonates
A randomized trial demonstrates that standardized treatment guided by cerebral oximetry reduces cerebral oxygenation instability by over 40% in extremely preterm infants, offering a precise new strategy for neonatal neuroprotection.
The Mortality Gap in Neurodevelopmental Care: Why Young Adults with ASD, ID, and CP Face Higher Risks
A landmark study using CDC ADDM Network data reveals significantly elevated mortality risks for young adults with autism, intellectual disability, and cerebral palsy, highlighting a critical need for improved transition-of-care strategies a
Mapping the Atopic Landscape: New Meta-Analysis Identifies Key Drivers and Critical Windows for Childhood Food Allergy
This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of 190 studies involving 2.8 million participants establishes a 4.7% incidence rate for childhood food allergy and identifies early atopic conditions, microbiome disruptions, and delaye
Beyond the Count: How Product Factors and High Thresholds Shape Pediatric Platelet Transfusion Outcomes
A multicenter cohort study of 8,874 pediatric patients reveals that most prophylactic platelet transfusions occur above recommended thresholds. Factors such as pathogen reduction, additive solutions, and donor age significantly lower posttr
Does Stage Explain It All? The BENCHISTA Study Reveals Persistent Survival Gaps in Pediatric Oncology
The BENCHISTA study analyzes survival disparities in six childhood solid tumors across 27 countries, revealing that while stage at diagnosis influences outcomes, significant international survival variations persist for Ewing sarcoma and me
Pathophysiological Divergence in Preterm Infants: Early Lung Aeration and Gas Exchange as Predictors of Moderate-to-Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
A multicentre prospective study reveals that infants developing moderate-to-severe BPD exhibit significant lung aeration and gas exchange deficits as early as day 10, with a critical pathophysiological peak at 26 days of life, regardless of
Scaling Early Childhood Interventions: Blended Delivery Models in Primary Care Improve Child Development and Parenting
A Jamaican randomized clinical trial demonstrates that a primary care-based parenting program using a blended delivery of home visits and phone calls significantly improves child developmental outcomes and parenting behaviors, offering a sc
Blended Delivery of Parenting Programs in Primary Care Enhances Child Development: A Randomized Clinical Trial
A randomized clinical trial in Jamaica demonstrates that a hybrid model of in-person and remote parenting support delivered via primary care significantly improves child developmental outcomes and parenting behaviors, offering a scalable so
Over 50% of Publicly Insured Children Face Neurodevelopmental Disorders Following Infant Heart Surgery
A comprehensive study highlights that over half of publicly insured children develop neurodevelopmental disorders within five years of infant cardiac surgery. While service utilization is high, a critical gap persists between initial screen
Genetic Blueprints of Skin Fragility: Predicting RDEB Severity Through COL7A1 Variant Mapping
A systematic review of 1,802 patients reveals that COL7A1 variant type and location, particularly premature termination codons and NC1 domain involvement, are definitive predictors of clinical severity and systemic complications in recessiv
Beyond the Pill: Why Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor Alone Is Not Enough for Peak Physical Fitness in Cystic Fibrosis
An Italian multicentric study reveals that while ETI therapy significantly improves several health markers in Cystic Fibrosis patients, its impact on peak aerobic capacity is modest, emphasizing the indispensable need for structured physica
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