Diabetes & Endocrinology
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A U-Shaped Association Between Blood mtDNA Copy Number and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Blood mtDNA copy number showed a U-shaped association with future type 2 diabetes risk in younger adults, suggesting that both low and high levels may signal higher risk.
Immune-Cell Transcriptomics and Mendelian Randomisation Identify New Causal Genes for Type 2 Diabetes Complications
This study used immune-cell gene expression and genetic analyses to identify causal genes and immune pathways linked to type 2 diabetes and its complications, highlighting diabetic neuropathy as a distinct cluster and prioritising ten promi
Retatrutide Produces Broad Favorable Shifts in Fatty Acid Oxidation and Insulin Resistance Biomarkers in Obesity With or Without Type 2 Diabetes
Post-hoc metabolomic and lipidomic analyses from two phase 2 trials suggest retatrutide favorably remodels metabolic pathways linked to fatty acid oxidation, insulin resistance, and triglyceride composition in obesity, with and without type
Improving the Algorithm: Adding a Socioeconomic Measure to Predict Type 2 Diabetes in Youth With Prediabetes
Adding the Area Deprivation Index to HbA1c improved prediction of type 2 diabetes within 1 year in youth with prediabetes, highlighting the importance of socioeconomic factors in diabetes risk.
Preventing Severe Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: Randomized Trial of Proactive Care With or Without Psychoeducation
A randomized trial in high-risk adults with type 2 diabetes found that proactive nurse-led care reduced severe hypoglycemia by about 50%, while adding psychoeducation did not significantly improve outcomes further.
Tocilizumab Shows Promising Benefits in Glucocorticoid-Resistant Thyroid Eye Disease
In two prospective cohorts of active, glucocorticoid-resistant thyroid eye disease, tocilizumab improved eye inflammation, proptosis, diplopia, and quality of life with acceptable safety, supporting IL-6 blockade as a promising second-line
Staging Intermediate Hyperglycaemia to Improve Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: Findings from the ELSA-Brasil Study
The ELSA-Brasil study found that staging intermediate hyperglycaemia with fasting glucose plus 1-hour glucose better predicted type 2 diabetes than fasting glucose plus HbA1c, and a clinical risk score reduced unnecessary testing.
Most Bilateral Adrenal Lesions Are Benign and Concordant, but Asynchronous Presentation Signals Higher Malignancy Risk
A large retrospective cohort shows that bilateral adrenal masses are usually benign and concordant, but asynchronous or discordant lesions identify a clinically important subgroup enriched for malignancy and pheochromocytoma.
Weight Regain Can Reverse the Metabolic Benefits of Caloric Restriction: Insights From CALERIE-2
CALERIE-2 post hoc analysis found that weight regain after caloric restriction can reverse improvements in insulin and IGF-1 signaling, while sustained weight loss preserves metabolic benefits and may lower biological aging markers.
Tirzepatide vs dulaglutide: kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes from SURPASS-CVOT
In a pre-specified exploratory analysis of SURPASS-CVOT, tirzepatide reduced major kidney events versus dulaglutide in people with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, mainly by lowering new macroalbuminuria and slowing eGFR decline.
Adrenalectomy for Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion Was Linked to Lower Mortality, but the Survival Signal Requires Cautious Interpretation
In a multi-institutional retrospective cohort, adrenalectomy for mild autonomous cortisol secretion was associated with lower mortality and less new-onset diabetes than nonoperative care, although sensitivity analysis weakened the survival
Biliopancreatic Diversion for Severe Obesity: Landmark 50-Year Study Reveals Lifelong Benefits and Risks
A 50-year follow-up of biliopancreatic diversion shows sustained weight loss and diabetes remission, but alarmingly high nutritional complications decades after surgery.
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism Carries Measurable Risks of Atrial Fibrillation, Heart Failure, and Death in Primary Care
A large Dutch primary care cohort links subclinical hyperthyroidism to higher risks of atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and all-cause mortality, with particularly notable relative risks in younger adults and in patients with more strongl
Advanced Liver Imaging Reveals Impaired Postprandial Hepatic Glucose Handling and Hidden Metabolic Subtypes in Type 1 Diabetes
A 7 T imaging and tracer study found that adults with type 1 diabetes have abnormal postprandial hepatic glucose uptake, blunted glycogen storage, reduced suppression of endogenous glucose production, and marked metabolic heterogeneity desp
Glucocorticoid Reduction After Starting Crinecerfont in Pediatric Patients With Classic CAH: Practical Perspectives
New expert recommendations guide glucocorticoid dose reduction in pediatric classic CAH patients using crinecerfont, prioritizing normal growth while minimizing long-term steroid complications.
Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Care Still Misses LDL Targets Despite Clear Indications for Lipid-Lowering Therapy
Registry data from 55,028 youths with type 1 diabetes show common LDL hypercholesterolemia, infrequent lipid-lowering therapy, and poor attainment of recommended LDL targets.
Multi-ancestry Polygenic Risk Scores Substantially Improve Type 2 Diabetes Risk Prediction Across Diverse Populations
A large multi-ancestry study shows that publicly available polygenic risk scores improve prediction of type 2 diabetes onset and selected microvascular complications across major global ancestry groups.
Type 1 Diabetes in Sweden Clusters in Rural Areas, With Early-Childhood Geography Showing the Strongest Signal
A nationwide Swedish cohort study found marked geographic variation in type 1 diabetes incidence, with the strongest clustering linked to residential location during the first 5 years of life and higher risk in rural, forested, and agricult
Higher PFAS Exposure During Pregnancy Was Not Linked to Increased Gestational Diabetes in the ECHO Cohort
In a pooled U.S. pregnancy cohort, maternal PFAS concentrations were not associated with a higher prevalence of gestational diabetes, and fasting glucose findings were largely null.
甲状腺功能随年龄变化的自然历程：一项涵盖31项前瞻性队列研究的13.7万参与者个体数据分析
大规模国际研究发现甲状腺功能随年龄变化存在性别和碘状态差异。虽然多数人甲状腺功能稳定且TSH轻微升高，但任何变化模式均与全因死亡风险增加1.8-2.5倍相关，这对老年甲状腺健康管理具有重要临床意义。
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