Diabetes & Endocrinology
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Targeting Mitochondria: A Practical Algorithm for Diabetes Care in Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness (MIDD)
Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) is driven by m.3243A>G mitochondrial mutation with mixed β‑cell failure and insulin resistance. GLP‑1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors have biologic plausibility and cardiorenal benefi
Type 2 Diabetes Quadruples Risk of Hearing Loss — Meta-analysis Finds Predominant High-Frequency Impairment and Links to Duration and HbA1c
A PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis of 17 studies (2019–2024) found type 2 diabetes is associated with a 4.19-fold greater odds of hearing loss, especially at high frequencies; duration >10 years and higher HbA1c amplified risk.
Low Energy Availability Blunts Muscle and Functional Gains: What Clinicians and Coaches Need to Know
A 2025 systematic review finds low energy availability (LEA) is associated with impaired neuromusculoskeletal training responses—reduced gains in lean mass and function and consistent deficits in strength, cellular markers and subjective re
Metformin in Knee Osteoarthritis: Evaluating Its Role in Pain Relief and Disease Modification
Emerging evidence supports metformin’s modest pain-relieving effects and potential disease-modifying properties in knee osteoarthritis patients with overweight or obesity, warranting further investigation through larger trials.
Rethinking Prediabetes: Controlling Blood Sugar Without Losing Weight Shows Promise
A groundbreaking study reveals that lifestyle changes improving fat distribution and insulin function can reverse prediabetes without weight loss, significantly cutting type 2 diabetes risk.
SGLT2 Inhibitors Linked to Lower Parkinson’s Disease Risk Than Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: Large Real‑World TriNetX Study Signals Class Neuroprotection
A 20‑year TriNetX analysis of 913,428 T2DM patients found SGLT2 inhibitor use associated with a 28% lower Parkinson’s disease risk versus metformin (aHR 0.72), suggesting possible superior neuroprotection and prompting need for prospective
SGLT2 Inhibitors Linked to Lower Risk of New-Onset Atopic Dermatitis in People with Type 2 Diabetes
A nationwide Taiwanese active-comparator cohort found SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with a lower incidence of new-onset atopic dermatitis compared with DPP‑4 inhibitors; the effect persisted across sensitivity analyses, showed a dose-r
SGLT2 Inhibitors Associated with Lower Risk of New-Onset Atopic Dermatitis in People with Type 2 Diabetes: Nationwide Active-Comparator Cohort Study
A Taiwanese nationwide cohort study found SGLT2 inhibitor use linked to a lower incidence of new-onset atopic dermatitis versus DPP4 inhibitors (IPTW-adjusted HR 0.847), with a dose-response effect and stronger protection in men.
SGLT-2 Inhibitors and Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease Risk Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes: Insights from a Korean Nationwide Cohort
A large South Korean cohort study suggests that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors reduce the incidence of autoimmune rheumatic diseases by 11% compared to sulfonylureas in adults with type 2 diabetes, indicating potential i
Long-Term Progression and Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes: Insights from the Skaraborg Cohort in Sweden
This cohort study tracks diabetic retinopathy incidence over 24 years in type 2 diabetes patients, highlighting the impact of glycemic control and hypertension on disease progression.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide, Semaglutide, and Liraglutide for Obesity Management: A Critical Review of Recent Cochrane Evidence
This article critically compares the efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes of tirzepatide, semaglutide, and liraglutide for the treatment of obesity based on recent Cochrane systematic reviews, highlighting differences in weight loss, ad
Enhanced Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Through Systematic Intensive Therapy and Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Systematic intensive therapy combined with continuous glucose monitoring significantly improves glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes not meeting targets, without increasing adverse events.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Ocular Risks: A Comprehensive Review of Neovascular AMD, Diabetic Retinopathy, and Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in Diabetes
GLP-1 receptor agonists used in diabetes show a twofold increased risk of neovascular AMD, a modest risk elevation for diabetic retinopathy, and a small but significant increased risk for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, war
Handgrip Strength as a Predictor of Preclinical Obesity Progression and Mortality: Insights from the UK Biobank Multistate Model Analysis
This study reveals that higher handgrip strength is significantly associated with reduced risks of preclinical obesity progression and mortality, highlighting the importance of muscle strength in managing early obesity-related health risks.
Disentangling Clinical and Preclinical Obesity: Their Distinct Impacts on All-Cause Mortality Risk in the UK Biobank Study
New evidence from the UK Biobank reveals that clinical obesity, defined by obesity-related dysfunctions, significantly elevates all-cause mortality risk. Early detection and intervention are key to reducing mortality associated with both pr
Sustained Impact of Lifestyle and Metformin Interventions on Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: Insights from 21 Years of the US DPP Trial
Over 21 years, intensive lifestyle changes and metformin significantly reduced type 2 diabetes incidence in at-risk adults, with variable effects based on individual baseline risk factors, highlighting opportunities for precision prevention
Evaluating AI-Led vs Human-Led Lifestyle Interventions in Prediabetes: Evidence from a Randomized Clinical Trial of the Diabetes Prevention Program
This review examines the first phase 3 randomized trial demonstrating that an AI-powered Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle intervention is noninferior to human coaching in improving weight loss, HbA1c, and physical activity among adults
Plant-Based Foods and Their Impact on Metabolic Health and Liver Function in Adults with MASLD and Comorbidities: A Systematic Review
This systematic review evaluates the effects of specific plant-based foods on metabolic and hepatic outcomes in adults with MASLD and related comorbidities. Findings reveal selective benefits of plant-based dietary components on liver healt
Time-Restricted Eating as a Promising Approach for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial
A 16-week RCT demonstrates that time-restricted eating significantly reduces hepatic steatosis in MASLD, offering comparable metabolic benefits to calorie restriction without adverse events.
Bariatric Surgery Significantly Reduces Risk of Developing Major Obesity-Related Comorbidities: Insights from a Large Veterans Cohort
A large retrospective cohort study reveals bariatric surgery markedly lowers the incidence of key metabolic comorbidities compared to weight management alone in obese veterans, supporting its role in durable obesity-related risk reduction.
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