Diabetes & Endocrinology
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SGLT2 Inhibitors Linked to Lower Fibrosis Progression than DPP‑4 Inhibitors in MASLD with T2DM: Target‑Trial Emulation of Real‑World Cohorts
A multicenter target‑trial emulation found SGLT2 inhibitor initiation was associated with a 22% lower risk of progression to advanced fibrosis (confirmed FIB‑4 >2.67) versus DPP‑4 inhibitors in adults with MASLD and T2DM and low‑to‑intermed
Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Added to Basal Insulin in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Insights from the SURPASS-CN-INS Phase 3 Trial
This phase 3 study demonstrates that adding tirzepatide to basal insulin significantly improves glycemic control in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, with a manageable safety profile.
Pemvidutide Produces Rapid Reductions in Liver Fat and AI‑Quantified Fibrosis in Early Phase Trials — Promise and Unanswered Questions
Pemvidutide, a dual GLP‑1/glucagon receptor agonist, reduced liver fat markedly and produced small but statistically significant reductions in AI‑quantified fibrosis over 24 weeks in phase 2 studies, but longer trials with clinical endpoint
Preoperative HbA1c Identifies Hidden Risk: Dysglycemia Predicts Worse 30‑Day Outcomes After General Surgery
A large multicenter cohort shows that both diagnosed and previously unrecognized diabetes (by HbA1c) are common in general surgery patients and independently linked to higher 30‑day complications, readmissions, and mortality—supporting rout
Metformin Exposure Associated with Up to 81% Lower 30‑Day Mortality After Cardiac Surgery in T2DM: A Critical Appraisal of AHA 2025 MIMIC‑IV Cohort Findings
A retrospective MIMIC‑IV cohort presented at AHA 2025 found perioperative metformin exposure in T2DM patients undergoing cardiac surgery associated with markedly lower 30‑, 90‑ and 360‑day mortality. Results are compelling but observational
Tirzepatide Produces Large Real‑World Weight Loss in Women with PCOS
A large retrospective real‑world cohort (n=4241) of women with PCOS and overweight/obesity treated with tirzepatide experienced mean 18.8% weight loss at 10 months (90% lost ≥10%); digital engagement amplified outcomes. The data are promisi
Evolocumab Prevents First Major Cardiovascular Events in High‑Risk Patients without Prior MI or Stroke
In VESALIUS-CV, evolocumab reduced first major adverse cardiovascular events by ~25% (HR 0.75) versus placebo in patients with atherosclerosis or diabetes without prior myocardial infarction or stroke, with modest absolute risk reductions a
Prediabetes Remission Without Weight Loss: Rethinking Targets to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes
A post hoc analysis of PLIS and replication in the DPP show that achieving prediabetes remission—normalization of glucose—can prevent type 2 diabetes even without net weight loss, via improved insulin sensitivity, β‑cell function and favora
Semaglutide’s Cardioprotection in SELECT: Beyond Weight Loss — Waist Reduction Explains a Third of the Benefit
In the SELECT trial, weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg reduced major adverse cardiovascular events in people with overweight/obesity without diabetes. Benefits were largely independent of baseline adiposity and weight loss; waist circumference redu
Heat and Dehydration Increase Carbohydrate Use During Endurance Exercise — Heat Is the Dominant Driver
A 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis found that endurance exercise in the heat increases carbohydrate oxidation and muscle glycogen use; dehydration amplifies this effect principally when combined with heat. Findings inform fueling an
Indole-3-Propionic Acid Bridges Gut Dysfunction and Diabetic Retinopathy — A Biomarker and Therapeutic Avenue
A Gut 2025 study identifies microbially produced indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) as a protective metabolite linking restored intestinal tryptophan handling to prevention of diabetic retinopathy in mice and associates low serum IPA with retino
Finerenone Lowers Albuminuria in Type 1 Diabetes with CKD: FINE‑ONE Phase III Shows 25% Average UACR Reduction and Acceptable Safety
The FINE‑ONE Phase III trial found finerenone reduced urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) by 25% versus placebo in adults with type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease over six months, with safety broadly consistent with prior type
SGLT2 Inhibitors Reduce Kidney Events, Hospitalization and Death Regardless of Diabetes or Albuminuria: A SMART-C Meta-Analysis Interpretation
A pooled analysis of 58,816 participants shows SGLT2 inhibitors lower kidney disease progression, AKI, hospitalizations, and mortality across diabetes status and albuminuria levels, with larger absolute kidney benefits where UACR ≥200 mg/g.
SGLT2 Inhibitors Protect Kidneys Across the Spectrum: Benefits Even in Stage 4 CKD and Minimal Albuminuria
A SMART‑C meta‑analysis of 70,361 participants shows SGLT2 inhibitors reduce CKD progression and kidney failure across eGFR and albuminuria strata, including stage 4 CKD and low albuminuria.
Less Sitting, More Sleep and MVPA Linked to Better Glycaemic Stability in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A 2‑Year Compositional Analysis
A longitudinal compositional analysis of 83 children with type 1 diabetes found that reallocating daily time away from sedentary behaviour toward sleep or moderate‑to‑vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with lower HbA1c and int
Time-Restricted Eating: Separating Facts from Fad in Metabolic Health
A landmark study challenges the metabolic benefits of time-restricted eating, revealing its effects primarily stem from calorie reduction rather than meal timing, while highlighting its influence on the biological clock.
GLP‑1 Receptor Agonists Provide Greatest MACE Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes — Evidence from a Large US Comparative-Effectiveness Study
In a 241,981-patient emulated trial using modern causal methods, sustained GLP‑1RA use yielded the lowest 2.5‑year MACE risk, followed by SGLT2is, sulfonylureas, and DPP4is; the GLP‑1RA advantage over SGLT2is was greatest in older adults an
Weekly Amylin Agonist Eloralintide Produces 10–21% Weight Loss at 48 Weeks in Phase 2 Trial
In a 48‑week multicenter phase 2 trial, weekly amylin receptor agonist eloralintide produced dose‑dependent mean weight loss of 9.4%–20.9% versus 0.4% for placebo, with improved waist circumference and cardiometabolic markers; tolerability
Diabetes and Dementia Biomarkers: Less Alzheimer’s Pathology but More Non‑AD Neurodegeneration in Cognitively Normal Adults
A pan‑European analysis (n=5,550) found diabetes was associated with lower odds of amyloid and p‑tau pathology in cognitively impaired patients, but with markers of neurodegeneration (total tau, medial temporal atrophy) in cognitively norma
Obesity Alters Symptom Trajectory and Inflammatory Signatures after Sport-Related Concussion: the NCAA‑DoD CARE Consortium
In a large prospective cohort, obese BMI (≥30) was associated with worse post-concussion neurocognitive outcomes and a persistently proinflammatory blood biomarker profile, despite fewer baseline symptoms. Findings suggest obesity modifies
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