Pediatrics
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Permethrin-Treated Baby Wraps: A Novel Strategy to Prevent Malaria in Young Children
A randomized controlled trial in Uganda demonstrates that permethrin-treated baby wraps significantly reduce clinical malaria incidence among infants, offering an innovative complement to bed nets for malaria prevention in sub-Saharan Afric
Modifiable Parental Factors Influence Adolescent Sleep
This prospective cohort study identifies modifiable parental factors linked to adolescent sleep outcomes over 4 years, highlighting the mediating roles of screen use and emotional regulation and sex-specific effects, with implications for i
Childhood Loneliness: A Lasting Risk Factor for Cognitive Decline and Dementia in Later Life
Childhood loneliness significantly increases the risk of cognitive decline and dementia in middle-aged and older adults, independent of adult loneliness, highlighting the importance of early psychosocial interventions.
Brain Connectome Modulates the Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Mental Health in Preadolescents
This cohort study reveals that whole-brain functional connectivity alters the link between adverse childhood experiences and psychiatric disorders in children, particularly for threat-related exposures and females, suggesting a neurobiologi
Enhanced Respiratory Support in Very Preterm Infants: Nasal Mask CPAP Outperforms Face Mask at Birth
An open-label RCT demonstrates that nasal mask CPAP at birth increases CPAP success rates and reduces the need for positive pressure ventilation compared to face mask CPAP in very preterm infants, with comparable safety profiles.
Pitolisant as Adjunct Therapy for Refractory Restless Legs Syndrome: Insights from a Pilot Study
This pilot study reveals that adjunctive pitolisant, a histamine-3 inverse agonist, is well tolerated and improves symptom scales in refractory restless legs syndrome, suggesting potential to address daytime consequences with minimal core s
Decoding Metabolic Adaptation: Caloric Restriction’s Impact on Organ Size in the CALERIE 2 Trial
This study explores how caloric restriction influences organ size and metabolic adaptation, using MRI data from the CALERIE 2 trial, revealing nuanced changes in energy expenditure linked to organ-specific tissue loss.
Modulating Immune Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Comparative Effects of an Anti-Inflammatory Diet and Probiotic Supplementation
A 12-week trial in children with ASD demonstrates that a structured anti-inflammatory dietary protocol (NeuroGutPlus) exerts broader immunoregulatory effects than multi-strain probiotics, highlighting diet as a promising non-pharmacological
Technology, Ethics, and Equity: Navigating the Three Core Challenges in Large-Scale Genomic Newborn Screening for Universal Health Benefits
Genomic newborn screening shows promise for early detection of a wider range of diseases but raises significant technological, ethical, and equity challenges before becoming a universally accessible public health tool.
Automated Tobacco Cessation for Parents in Pediatric Care: A Cluster-Randomized Trial Insights
This cluster-randomized trial evaluated an automated tobacco cessation intervention for parents in pediatric primary care, finding no significant increase in 1-year quit rates but notable improvements in treatment engagement and smoking red
Deferred Cord Clamping with High Oxygen in Extremely Preterm Infants: Enhancing Early Oxygenation Without Added Morbidity
This review examines randomized clinical evidence that 100% oxygen during deferred cord clamping improves early oxygen saturation in extremely preterm infants without increasing morbidity, highlighting implications for neonatal resuscitatio
In Utero Embolization for Fetal Vein of Galen Malformation: Early Clinical Insights and Outcomes
This article reviews early clinical results from a US single-center study on in utero embolization for fetal Vein of Galen malformation, highlighting potential survival benefits alongside risks of preterm delivery.
Early Childhood High Blood Pressure Predicts Premature Cardiovascular Mortality: Insights from a 50-Year Longitudinal US Cohort
Elevated blood pressure at age 7 significantly increases the risk of premature cardiovascular mortality by mid-adulthood, underscoring the need for early-life blood pressure monitoring and intervention.
Midazolam Outperforms Melatonin as Premedication for Anxiety in Children Undergoing Elective Surgery: Insights from the MAGIC Trial
The MAGIC trial reveals midazolam’s superior efficacy over melatonin in reducing preoperative anxiety in children undergoing general anaesthesia, despite melatonin’s favorable safety profile. Challenges in recruitment and implications for f
Unlocking Mental Health in Children with Chronic Illness: The Crucial Roles of Physical Activity and Social Play
Children with chronic physical illnesses face higher risks of mental health issues, partly due to early-life constraints on social and physical activities. Encouraging active play and social engagement may reduce these risks.
Prognostic Value of 2D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: Insights From the MUSIC Study
This multicenter study highlights the utility of 2D speckle tracking echocardiography for early detection and prognostication of left ventricular dysfunction in MIS-C, informing cardiovascular risk and management.
Daily Emollient Use in Infants: A Promising Strategy to Prevent Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis
A large pragmatic trial demonstrates that daily emollient application starting before 9 weeks of age significantly reduces the risk of atopic dermatitis by 24 months in infants not selected for high risk, offering a feasible preventive appr
ADHD Drugmakers Double Marketing Spending to Clinicians: Implications for Prescribing and Patient Care
Pharmaceutical companies have significantly increased marketing payments to clinicians for ADHD medications, particularly targeting advanced practice clinicians. The impact of this trend on prescribing patterns and clinical benefits remains
Enhancing Early Risk Stratification of Severe Childhood Febrile Illness in Rural Asia Using sTREM1 Biomarker
A multicountry study across Asia demonstrates soluble TREM1’s superior accuracy over traditional clinical signs in predicting severe febrile illness in children, potentially transforming triage in resource-limited settings.
Promising Immunogenicity and Safety of the Live-Attenuated Intranasal RSV Vaccine in Infants and Toddlers
This phase I/II trial demonstrates that the live-attenuated intranasal RSV vaccine (RSVt) is immunogenic and well-tolerated in infants and toddlers, offering a potential new preventive option against RSV infection.
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