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Updated Cochrane analysis (212 RCTs, 16,302 participants) finds methylphenidate may reduce teacher-rated ADHD symptoms and improve general behaviour but increases non‑serious adverse events; overall evidence certainty is very low.
A national cohort study from England and Wales found two-thirds of infants born <32 weeks’ gestation had ≥1 hospital admission before age 2, with lower gestational age and neonatal morbidities (BPD, severe NEC, brain injury) substantiall
An international cohort of 5,019 infants born at 22–23 weeks shows large between‑network variation in survival and major morbidities, highlighting effects of practice, systems, and policy on outcomes and the need for unified data-driven str
A 2025 systematic review of 65 studies (14,534 youths) finds moderate evidence for dialectical behavior therapy reducing suicidal ideation; other psychosocial interventions have low or insufficient evidence and pharmacologic/neurotherapeuti
Recent multicenter studies show earlier and more frequent epinephrine in pediatric in‑hospital cardiac arrest increases ROSC and shortens CPR, but does not consistently improve survival to discharge or favorable neurologic outcome. Evidence
Recent multicenter studies show declining intra‑arrest intubation, no clear harm from intubation after time‑dependent matching, unclear benefit of epinephrine before defibrillation, and no survival gain from intensive point‑of‑care CPR trai
Two recent multicenter studies provide condition-specific growth charts for children with Alagille syndrome and show that ileal bile acid transporter inhibition with odevixibat reduces pruritus and serum bile acids — reshaping growth assess
Recent high-quality studies challenge the presumed association between household air pollution from biomass cooking and severe infant pneumonia, highlighting inconsistent exposure-response relationships for PM2.5 and CO.
In a blinded multisite RCT of 201 moderate–late preterm infants, short-term supplementation with pasteurized donor human milk versus term formula did not shorten time to full enteral feeds; donor milk was associated with slower regain of bi
A systematic review and meta-analysis found early enteral nutrition (EEN) in critically ill children associated with lower mortality (adjusted OR 0.36) and improvements in several clinical outcomes, but evidence certainty is very low due to
In extremely preterm infants with a protocol-defined PDA, expectant management yielded similar rates of death or BPD at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age but significantly higher survival compared with active pharmacologic closure.
This review synthesizes global evidence, including meta-analyses, showing that school feeding programs modestly improve math achievement, enrollment, and growth metrics in socioeconomically disadvantaged children, with limited effects on re
A Cochrane meta-analysis of six RCTs (3,451 infants) finds restrictive hemoglobin thresholds reduce transfusion exposure modestly with no detectable effect on mortality or neurodevelopmental impairment at 18–26 months.
A 28‑day point‑prevalence study across 44 European PICUs found 12.8% of children received red‑cell transfusions; hemoglobin was the dominant trigger, often above the recommended 7.0 g/dL threshold, and transfusion exposure correlated with 2
A national retrospective cohort of 129,375 mechanically ventilated children in Japan found most received care on general wards and that ward care was associated with higher in-hospital mortality than ICU care after propensity matching (6.4%
A CCSS analysis of 25,723 five-year childhood cancer survivors shows clear dose-response relationships between colorectum-specific radiation dose, irradiated colorectal volume, several chemotherapy exposures (notably procarbazine, high alky
An updated clinical prediction tool accurately identifies invasive bacterial infections in infants under 28 days old, potentially reducing unnecessary lumbar punctures while ensuring no cases of bacterial meningitis are missed.
Neonatal hydrocortisone treatment in preterm infants at high risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia does not improve school-age functional outcomes, highlighting the persistent burden of developmental impairment despite intervention.
In children with favorable B-lineage ALL, omission of two daunorubicin doses late in induction was noninferior for 5-year EFS and OS and associated with fewer invasive fungal infections, supporting reduced anthracycline exposure in selected
In AREN0533, number and size of pulmonary metastases had limited prognostic value after standardized therapy; gain of chromosome 1q emerged as a stronger, independent predictor of event‑free and overall survival in children with favorable‑h
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