Pediatrics
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Perinatal Antibiotic Exposure and Childhood Infection Risk: Insights from a Large Retrospective Cohort Study
A large retrospective cohort study found no significant association between perinatal or early infant antibiotic exposure and subsequent hospitalization for infections in early childhood, providing reassurance about the cautious use of anti
Impact of Repealing Nonmedical Vaccine Exemptions on Kindergarten Immunization Rates in the US
State-level repeal of nonmedical vaccine exemptions significantly improves kindergarten vaccination rates across multiple vaccines, with minimal increase in medical exemptions, highlighting its role in sustaining herd immunity amid growing
Neurobiological Impact of Emotion-Focused Parenting Intervention in Adolescent Girls With Internalizing Symptoms: Insights From a Randomized Clinical Trial
An emotion-focused parenting intervention improves prefrontal cortex activation during emotion regulation in adolescent girls with internalizing symptoms, correlating with reductions in maternal unsupportive socialization and adolescent anx
Mapping the Future of US Pediatric Acute Care: Development of a National Atlas Based on Medicaid Data
A novel pediatric-specific atlas of US acute care regions was developed using Medicaid data, revealing distinct patterns in emergency and referral care and providing a foundation for targeted pediatric healthcare planning and quality improv
Unveiling Diverse Inflammatory Pathways in Residual Pediatric Asthma Exacerbations Under Mepolizumab Therapy
This study reveals multiple distinct molecular mechanisms, including epithelial and macrophage pathways, that contribute to residual asthma exacerbations in children treated with mepolizumab, highlighting the complexity of airway inflammati
Timely Opioid Administration in Pediatric Emergency Departments Reduces Hospitalizations for Acute Sickle Cell Pain
Prompt opioid delivery in pediatric EDs for sickle cell pain significantly lowers hospitalization rates, with the greatest benefit seen when the first dose is given within 60 minutes and the second dose within 30 minutes.
Surge in Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes Infections Among Children Post-COVID-19: Insights from a Spanish Nationwide Study
A Spanish multicenter study reveals a sharp rise in pediatric invasive group A streptococcal infections and severity after 2022, highlighting emm1 strain predominance and risk factors for critical illness and mortality.
Risk Factors and Epidemiological Trends in Severe Pediatric Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease: Insights from the Netherlands 2015–2024
A comprehensive study identifies key clinical and temporal risk factors associated with severe invasive group A streptococcal disease in children, highlighting increased severity and incidence post-COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands.
Impact of Epstein-Barr Virus Serology on Oral HPV Infection Dynamics in Early Childhood: Insights from the Finnish Family HPV Cohort
This study explores how early Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and immune responses influence oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in children, revealing the interplay between EBV serology, paternal education, and oral HPV acquisiti
Epstein-Barr Virus and Pediatric Sepsis: Unraveling Links to Immune Dysregulation and Mortality
This study links EBV seropositivity to immune dysregulation and increased mortality in pediatric sepsis, highlighting potential pathways for targeted therapies.
Early Diagnosis and Treatment Patterns of ADHD in Preschool Children: Insights from a National Electronic Health Record Study
This study analyzes the diagnosis and medication initiation of ADHD among children aged 3-5 across multiple US health systems, highlighting sociodemographic disparities and clinical practices.
Evolving Patterns of Clinical Testing for SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, and RSV in Hospitalized Youths (2016–2024): Insights and Implications
This study evaluates clinical testing trends for COVID-19, influenza, and RSV among hospitalized children from 2016 to 2024, revealing shifts in testing frequency and identifying factors influencing test utilization.
Automated Insulin Delivery Systems: Transforming Glucose Management in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes
Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems significantly improve glucose control and reduce hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, without increasing adverse events.
Optimizing Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Screening for Adolescents in Emergency Departments: Evidence from Targeted and Universal Strategies
Comparative effectiveness evidence from multicenter pediatric emergency departments demonstrates that targeted and universally offered gonorrhea and chlamydia screening increase detection rates versus usual care, highlighting the need for i
Harnessing Digital Health: Efficacy of Virtual Reality and Interactive Tools in Reducing Pediatric Perioperative Anxiety and Pain
This network meta-analysis of 49 RCTs demonstrates that digital health interventions, notably virtual reality, 2D videos, and 2D games, significantly reduce perioperative anxiety and pain and improve induction compliance in pediatric surgic
Mitigating Risks of Donor-Derived Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation: Advances and Challenges
This article reviews recent studies on EBV transmission in pediatric kidney transplants, highlighting risk factors, monitoring strategies, and implications for reducing posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD).
Evaluating Portable HEPA Purifiers to Reduce Respiratory Viral Exposure in Elementary Schools: Insights from a Randomized Clinical Trial Secondary Analysis
A secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized trial found that portable HEPA purifiers modestly reduced viral diversity but did not significantly lower high respiratory viral exposure in elementary school classrooms, suggesting multi-faceted
Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Immunity to Streptococcus pyogenes and Respiratory Viruses in Early Childhood
This study examines how pandemic-related nonpharmaceutical interventions affected immunity development to Streptococcus pyogenes and common respiratory viruses in children aged 0-4 years, offering insights into rising invasive infections.
Delayed Immunity to Streptococcus pyogenes and Respiratory Viruses in Young Children Following COVID-19 Restrictions: Implications for Recent Infection Surges
A European study reveals that COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions led to reduced immunity against S pyogenes and RSV in children aged 3-4, potentially explaining the recent spike in severe infections.
Declining Antiviral Prescribing for High-Risk Children with Influenza in US Pediatric Emergency Departments During the COVID-19 Era
Antiviral prescriptions for children at high risk of severe influenza in US pediatric emergency departments decreased by over 50% during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with prepandemic rates, despite unchanged treatment guidelines.
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