Pediatrics
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Darker Skin Tone Reduces Accuracy of Cerebral NIRS in Children: Implications from a Prospective Cohort
A prospective pediatric study shows forehead NIRS (INVOS 5100C) underestimates regional oxygenation in children with darker skin, producing clinically meaningful bias and raising concerns about equity in monitoring and device validation.
Understanding the FDA’s Rejection of SYD-101: Navigating the Challenges in Pediatric Myopia Treatment
The FDA has rejected Sydnexis’s low-dose atropine eye drop SYD-101 for controlling childhood myopia progression despite promising trial results, highlighting challenges in demonstrating long-term efficacy and clinical significance in new pe
AAV‑OTOF Gene Therapy Restores Substantial Hearing in DFNB9 Across Ages — Rapid, Age‑dependent Benefits in a First-in‑Human Trial
A single‑arm trial of AAV‑OTOF (Anc80L65) in 10 patients (1.5–23.9 years) with autosomal recessive deafness 9 showed good tolerability and rapid, clinically meaningful hearing gains, with optimal outcomes in children aged 5–8 years; longer
OTOF Gene Therapy Rivaled—and in Some Domains Outperformed—Cochlear Implants in Restoring Hearing and Speech in Congenital Deafness
A 2022–2024 nonblinded cohort study found OTOF gene therapy produced rapid, durable gains in auditory thresholds, speech perception, mismatch-negativity responses, and music perception versus cochlear implantation in children with genetical
Congenital CMV in Australia: Reported Cases Are a Small Fraction of Estimated Burden — Implications for Screening, Treatment, and Public Health
National APSU surveillance (1999–2024) found 479 definite congenital CMV cases and dramatic under-ascertainment versus expected prevalence; symptomatic infants increasingly receive antivirals. Expanded surveillance, newborn screening, and c
Unilateral Pediatric Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion Impairs Binaural Hearing and Raises Tinnitus Risk: Evidence Challenging Conservative Management
A prospective cross-sectional study finds unilateral chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) in children is associated with poorer spatial release from masking and high tinnitus prevalence, suggesting potential central auditory consequenc
AI-RAPNO: Translating Artificial Intelligence into Reliable Response Assessment for Pediatric Neuro-Oncology
AI-RAPNO synthesizes current AI developments for pediatric brain tumour imaging and provides practical recommendations to improve trustworthiness, generalisability, and clinical implementation of AI-driven response assessment using the RAPN
Cochlear Implant Benefits in Children with Single‑Sided Deafness: Better in Quiet, Challenged in Noise — and Time Matters
In 185 children receiving unilateral cochlear implants, residual acoustic hearing favored the non-implanted ear in quiet (especially for SSD), but noise attenuated that advantage. Shorter auditory deprivation and longer CI experience reduce
Longitudinal Developmental Outcomes and Early Cochlear Implantation Benefits in Children with Prelingual Single-Sided Deafness: Evidence Synthesis and Clinical Recommendations
Early cochlear implantation in children with prelingual single-sided deafness improves spatial hearing and cognitive outcomes, supporting neurodevelopment and mitigating risks of auditory deprivation and cortical reorganization.
Early Cochlear Implantation Shows Variable but Clinically Relevant Benefits in Children with Single-Sided Deafness: A Western Australian 10‑Year Series
A retrospective 10‑year series from Perth Children’s Hospital reports heterogeneous long‑term outcomes after pediatric cochlear implantation for single‑sided deafness; earlier implantation (within 1 year) was associated with greater likelih
Gastrointestinal Burden in CHARGE Syndrome: High Prevalence of Constipation, Age-Related Patterns, and Quality‑of‑Life Impact
In a cohort of 50 individuals with CHARGE syndrome, GI problems affected 64% and constipation 48%, with constipation associated with lower PedsQL GI scores and greater comorbidity; younger patients had more diverse GI issues while older pat
DB-OTO Restores and Sustains Hearing in Otoferlin-Deficient Mice: A Hair-Cell–Targeted Dual-AAV Strategy Advances to Clinical Testing
DB-OTO, a hair-cell-specific dual-AAV gene therapy encoding full-length human otoferlin, achieved dose-dependent and sustained auditory restoration in OTOF-deficient mice, supporting an ongoing Phase I/II pediatric trial.
Common Youth Sports, Not Extra PE, Predict Lower-Extremity Apophysitis: Incidence, Duration, and Practical Implications
A 5.5-year prospective cohort found lower-extremity apophysitis common in schoolchildren (1265 episodes in 1670 children), median symptom duration 3–4 weeks, and higher risk with soccer, handball, basketball and jump gymnastics but not from
FAIR Consensus (2025): What Clinicians and Coaches Need to Know About Preventing Upper‑Extremity Injuries in Female Athletes
The FAIR systematic review and consensus synthesizes evidence on prevention strategies and modifiable risk factors for upper‑extremity injury in female/woman/girl athletes, highlighting shoulder exercise programmes and key research gaps.
Is it safe to train children in soccer during the high temperatures of summer?
A case-crossover study of 51 boys (8–12 y) shows higher ear and skin temperatures during hot summer football training (≥25 °C), with no change in hydration by urine density and no severe heat illness noted. Findings highlight risk threshold
Understanding ‘Favism’: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Living with G6PD Deficiency
Favism, a hereditary enzyme deficiency causing red blood cell breakdown upon exposure to certain triggers like fava beans, is preventable with proper diagnosis and management. This article explores its clinical features, diagnosis, treatmen
Optimizing Blood Culture Use in Pediatric Infections: Insights from the ACORN2 Surveillance Network in Africa and Asia
This study identifies clinical and demographic factors associated with positive blood cultures in hospitalized children across nine African and Asian countries, aiming to improve diagnostic stewardship amidst resource constraints.
How Well Do Flu Vaccines Protect Kids? A 20-Year Look at Live and Inactivated Influenza Vaccines
This article reviews two types of flu vaccines for children—live attenuated and inactivated—over 20 years, demonstrating both provide meaningful protection and highlighting improvements that have enhanced their effectiveness.
Unveiling the Impact of Copy Number Variants on Child Psychopathology and Cognitive Development: Insights from the ABCD Study
This study elucidates how copy number variants (CNVs) contribute to variability in child psychopathology and cognitive function, highlighting specific CNV regions and aggregated genetic risk affecting attention and cognitive domains during
Reduced Threat-Related Neural Efficiency as a Biomarker for Pediatric Anxiety: Implications for Diagnosis and CBT Response
This study identifies reduced neural efficiency during threat processing as a biomarker in pediatric anxiety disorders, linked to diagnosis and poorer CBT outcomes, offering potential for patient stratification and novel intervention target
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