Pediatrics
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Epstein-Barr Virus and Pediatric Sepsis: Unraveling Links to Immune Dysregulation and Mortality
This study links EBV seropositivity to immune dysregulation and increased mortality in pediatric sepsis, highlighting potential pathways for targeted therapies.
Early Diagnosis and Treatment Patterns of ADHD in Preschool Children: Insights from a National Electronic Health Record Study
This study analyzes the diagnosis and medication initiation of ADHD among children aged 3-5 across multiple US health systems, highlighting sociodemographic disparities and clinical practices.
Evolving Patterns of Clinical Testing for SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, and RSV in Hospitalized Youths (2016–2024): Insights and Implications
This study evaluates clinical testing trends for COVID-19, influenza, and RSV among hospitalized children from 2016 to 2024, revealing shifts in testing frequency and identifying factors influencing test utilization.
Automated Insulin Delivery Systems: Transforming Glucose Management in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes
Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems significantly improve glucose control and reduce hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, without increasing adverse events.
Optimizing Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Screening for Adolescents in Emergency Departments: Evidence from Targeted and Universal Strategies
Comparative effectiveness evidence from multicenter pediatric emergency departments demonstrates that targeted and universally offered gonorrhea and chlamydia screening increase detection rates versus usual care, highlighting the need for i
Harnessing Digital Health: Efficacy of Virtual Reality and Interactive Tools in Reducing Pediatric Perioperative Anxiety and Pain
This network meta-analysis of 49 RCTs demonstrates that digital health interventions, notably virtual reality, 2D videos, and 2D games, significantly reduce perioperative anxiety and pain and improve induction compliance in pediatric surgic
Mitigating Risks of Donor-Derived Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation: Advances and Challenges
This article reviews recent studies on EBV transmission in pediatric kidney transplants, highlighting risk factors, monitoring strategies, and implications for reducing posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD).
Evaluating Portable HEPA Purifiers to Reduce Respiratory Viral Exposure in Elementary Schools: Insights from a Randomized Clinical Trial Secondary Analysis
A secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized trial found that portable HEPA purifiers modestly reduced viral diversity but did not significantly lower high respiratory viral exposure in elementary school classrooms, suggesting multi-faceted
Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Immunity to Streptococcus pyogenes and Respiratory Viruses in Early Childhood
This study examines how pandemic-related nonpharmaceutical interventions affected immunity development to Streptococcus pyogenes and common respiratory viruses in children aged 0-4 years, offering insights into rising invasive infections.
Delayed Immunity to Streptococcus pyogenes and Respiratory Viruses in Young Children Following COVID-19 Restrictions: Implications for Recent Infection Surges
A European study reveals that COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions led to reduced immunity against S pyogenes and RSV in children aged 3-4, potentially explaining the recent spike in severe infections.
Declining Antiviral Prescribing for High-Risk Children with Influenza in US Pediatric Emergency Departments During the COVID-19 Era
Antiviral prescriptions for children at high risk of severe influenza in US pediatric emergency departments decreased by over 50% during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with prepandemic rates, despite unchanged treatment guidelines.
Oral Manifestations of Lamellar Ichthyosis: A Case Report of Two Siblings
Two brothers with lamellar ichthyosis presented with enamel defects and dental caries; dental rehabilitation with preventive measures was completed alongside dermatologic care.
Mass Azithromycin Administration in Malian Infants Shows No Mortality Benefit: A Large-Scale Randomized Trial
A large randomized trial in Mali demonstrated that mass azithromycin administration to infants aged 1–11 months did not reduce mortality compared to placebo, challenging previous findings in sub-Saharan Africa.
DB-OTO Gene Therapy: A Breakthrough Treatment for OTOF-Related Inherited Deafness in Children
Regeneron’s DB-OTO gene therapy shows promising results in restoring natural hearing in children with profound hearing loss caused by OTOF gene mutations, with 75% achieving significant hearing improvement after a single treatment.
Baricitinib Shows Promising Results in Restoring Hair Growth in Adolescents with Severe Alopecia Areata: Phase 3 BRAVE-AA-PEDS Trial
The phase 3 BRAVE-AA-PEDS trial demonstrates that baricitinib, a JAK inhibitor, significantly restores scalp, eyebrow, and eyelash hair in adolescents with severe alopecia areata, achieving up to 80% hair regrowth in recent-onset cases afte
Silent Long-Term Harm: How Prenatal Lead Exposure Shapes Adult Mental Health
This article explores the link between prenatal and early postnatal lead exposure and adult anxiety and depression, emphasizing critical exposure windows and long-term mental health implications.
Eltrombopag in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Breakthrough in Early Treatment Strategy
This randomized trial demonstrates that eltrombopag significantly improves sustained platelet response in children with newly diagnosed ITP, offering a potential early intervention option.
Innovations in Atrial Septal Defect Closure: Comparing Bioresorbable and Metallic Occluders
This article reviews a landmark randomized trial demonstrating that bioresorbable occluders are noninferior to metallic ones in ASD closure, with implications for improved patient outcomes and device management.
Customized Protective Palatal Obturator Enhances Safe Intubation in Neonatal Cleft Lip Surgery: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial
A customized protective palatal obturator significantly reduces oral tissue injury during intubation in newborns undergoing cleft lip surgery, improving safety without prolonging intubation.
Impact of Outdoor Air Pollution and Traffic Noise on Allostatic Load in Children: Insights from Six European Cohorts
This study links childhood exposure to outdoor air pollution with increased allostatic load, reflecting multi-system physiological stress, whereas road traffic noise showed no significant effect.
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