Pediatrics
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Nirsevimab Slashing Pediatric LRTI Hospitalizations by Over 60%: Real-World Evidence Supports Universal Immunization
A comprehensive meta-analysis of over 260,000 infants confirms that nirsevimab significantly reduces respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) hospitalizations and emergency department visits, providing
Nirsevimab Outperforms Maternal Vaccination in Reducing Severe RSV Outcomes: Insights from Comparative Real-World Evidence
Recent real-world data from the US and France indicate that while both maternal RSV vaccination and nirsevimab are effective, nirsevimab may offer superior protection against hospitalization and intensive care admission for infants in their
Acute-Onset Axonal Neuropathy Following Infection in Children with Biallelic RCC1 Variants: A Case Series
Case series reports acute axonal neuropathy post-infection in children with biallelic RCC1 variants, often misdiagnosed as Guillain-Barré syndrome, showing variable severity and highlighting impaired nucleocytoplasmic transport as pathogeni
Precision Prognostics: Automated EEG Background Analysis and 2-Year Outcomes in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
This article explores how automated EEG background analysis via the Brain State of the Newborn (BSN) score provides objective, early-life prognostication for neonates with HIE, significantly improving the prediction of 2-year neurodevelopme
Real-World Implementation of RTS,S/AS01E Malaria Vaccine Reduces Severe Malaria by 58%: Evidence from the EPI-MAL-003 Phase 4 Study
This interim analysis of the phase 4 EPI-MAL-003 study demonstrates that the RTS,S/AS01E malaria vaccine significantly reduces severe malaria, malaria-related hospitalizations, and all-cause hospitalizations in real-world clinical settings
Adolescent Body Dissatisfaction as a Causal Driver of Adult Mental Health: New Insights from a UK Twin Study
A longitudinal UK twin study suggests that adolescent body dissatisfaction may causally increase the risk of eating disorders and depression in young adulthood, with significant genetic factors underlying these associations.
Optimizing Caffeine Therapy in Preterm Infants: Does Earlier Initiation Improve Respiratory Outcomes?
This article evaluates the optimal timing and indications for caffeine initiation in preterm neonates, analyzing its impact on chronic lung disease, mortality, and neurodevelopmental outcomes based on the latest 2025 Cochrane evidence.
Probiotics Cut Clostridioides difficile Risk in Antibiotic-Exposed Patients — Small Benefit, Low Certainty
A 2025 Cochrane update finds probiotics may halve the relative risk of C. difficile-associated diarrhea in antibiotic-treated patients (ARR 1.6%, NNT 65) but evidence is low certainty and applicability varies with baseline risk.
High-frequency Oscillatory Ventilation in Near‑Term and Term Infants: Inconclusive Benefit and Possible Increased Mortality — What the 2025 Cochrane Update Tells Clinicians
A 2025 Cochrane update (3 RCTs, 368 infants) finds very low- to low-certainty evidence that HFOV neither clearly reduces treatment failure nor pulmonary air leak and may increase mortality versus conventional ventilation in term/near‑term i
Rethinking Oxygen Strategies for Preterm Infant Resuscitation: Evidence from TORPIDO, IPD-MA, and DCC Trials
Recent trials and meta-analyses challenge assumptions about optimal initial oxygen levels for preterm resuscitation.
Immediate and Early Skin-to-Skin Contact After Birth: What the 2025 Cochrane Update Means for Practice
A clear, evidence-based summary of the 2025 Cochrane review on immediate/early skin-to-skin contact (SSC), its impact on breastfeeding and newborn physiology, gaps in maternal outcomes, and practical recommendations for clinical implementat
Limited Evidence for Behavioural and Service Delivery Interventions in Childhood Epilepsy: Urgent Need for Robust Trials
Current evidence for behavioural and service delivery interventions in childhood epilepsy is scarce and of low quality, highlighting an urgent need for rigorous, long-term trials.
Methylphenidate for ADHD in Children and Adolescents: Modest Symptom Gains but Uncertain Net Benefit
Updated Cochrane analysis (212 RCTs, 16,302 participants) finds methylphenidate may reduce teacher-rated ADHD symptoms and improve general behaviour but increases non‑serious adverse events; overall evidence certainty is very low.
Most Very Preterm Infants Require Hospital Readmission Before Age 2 — Neonatal Morbidities Strongly Increase Days Spent in Hospital
A national cohort study from England and Wales found two-thirds of infants born
Wide International Variation in Survival and Morbidity for Infants Born at 22–23 Weeks: Implications for Care, Counseling, and Research
An international cohort of 5,019 infants born at 22–23 weeks shows large between‑network variation in survival and major morbidities, highlighting effects of practice, systems, and policy on outcomes and the need for unified data-driven str
Uncertain Evidence for Youth Suicide Interventions: DBT Shows Promise While Medications and Neurotherapies Remain Largely Unstudied
A 2025 systematic review of 65 studies (14,534 youths) finds moderate evidence for dialectical behavior therapy reducing suicidal ideation; other psychosocial interventions have low or insufficient evidence and pharmacologic/neurotherapeuti
Epinephrine Timing and Dosing in Pediatric In‑Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Mixed Signals — improved ROSC but unclear survival benefit
Recent multicenter studies show earlier and more frequent epinephrine in pediatric in‑hospital cardiac arrest increases ROSC and shortens CPR, but does not consistently improve survival to discharge or favorable neurologic outcome. Evidence
Pediatric In‑Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Why Adult Resuscitation Lessons Don’t Fully Translate — Airway, Epinephrine, and the Limits of Training
Recent multicenter studies show declining intra‑arrest intubation, no clear harm from intubation after time‑dependent matching, unclear benefit of epinephrine before defibrillation, and no survival gain from intensive point‑of‑care CPR trai
Condition-Specific Growth Charts and a New Medical Therapy for Alagille Syndrome: Implications for Growth Assessment and Symptom Control
Two recent multicenter studies provide condition-specific growth charts for children with Alagille syndrome and show that ileal bile acid transporter inhibition with odevixibat reduces pruritus and serum bile acids — reshaping growth assess
Reevaluating the Link Between Household Air Pollution from Biomass Cooking and Severe Pneumonia in Infants: A Comprehensive Evidence Synthesis
Recent high-quality studies challenge the presumed association between household air pollution from biomass cooking and severe infant pneumonia, highlighting inconsistent exposure-response relationships for PM2.5 and CO.
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