Pediatrics
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Limited Evidence for Behavioural and Service Delivery Interventions in Childhood Epilepsy: Urgent Need for Robust Trials
Current evidence for behavioural and service delivery interventions in childhood epilepsy is scarce and of low quality, highlighting an urgent need for rigorous, long-term trials.
Methylphenidate for ADHD in Children and Adolescents: Modest Symptom Gains but Uncertain Net Benefit
Updated Cochrane analysis (212 RCTs, 16,302 participants) finds methylphenidate may reduce teacher-rated ADHD symptoms and improve general behaviour but increases non‑serious adverse events; overall evidence certainty is very low.
Most Very Preterm Infants Require Hospital Readmission Before Age 2 — Neonatal Morbidities Strongly Increase Days Spent in Hospital
A national cohort study from England and Wales found two-thirds of infants born
Wide International Variation in Survival and Morbidity for Infants Born at 22–23 Weeks: Implications for Care, Counseling, and Research
An international cohort of 5,019 infants born at 22–23 weeks shows large between‑network variation in survival and major morbidities, highlighting effects of practice, systems, and policy on outcomes and the need for unified data-driven str
Uncertain Evidence for Youth Suicide Interventions: DBT Shows Promise While Medications and Neurotherapies Remain Largely Unstudied
A 2025 systematic review of 65 studies (14,534 youths) finds moderate evidence for dialectical behavior therapy reducing suicidal ideation; other psychosocial interventions have low or insufficient evidence and pharmacologic/neurotherapeuti
Epinephrine Timing and Dosing in Pediatric In‑Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Mixed Signals — improved ROSC but unclear survival benefit
Recent multicenter studies show earlier and more frequent epinephrine in pediatric in‑hospital cardiac arrest increases ROSC and shortens CPR, but does not consistently improve survival to discharge or favorable neurologic outcome. Evidence
Pediatric In‑Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Why Adult Resuscitation Lessons Don’t Fully Translate — Airway, Epinephrine, and the Limits of Training
Recent multicenter studies show declining intra‑arrest intubation, no clear harm from intubation after time‑dependent matching, unclear benefit of epinephrine before defibrillation, and no survival gain from intensive point‑of‑care CPR trai
Condition-Specific Growth Charts and a New Medical Therapy for Alagille Syndrome: Implications for Growth Assessment and Symptom Control
Two recent multicenter studies provide condition-specific growth charts for children with Alagille syndrome and show that ileal bile acid transporter inhibition with odevixibat reduces pruritus and serum bile acids — reshaping growth assess
Reevaluating the Link Between Household Air Pollution from Biomass Cooking and Severe Pneumonia in Infants: A Comprehensive Evidence Synthesis
Recent high-quality studies challenge the presumed association between household air pollution from biomass cooking and severe infant pneumonia, highlighting inconsistent exposure-response relationships for PM2.5 and CO.
Supplemental Donor Human Milk Did Not Speed Full Enteral Feeding in Moderate–Late Preterm Infants: Results From a Multisite Randomized Trial
In a blinded multisite RCT of 201 moderate–late preterm infants, short-term supplementation with pasteurized donor human milk versus term formula did not shorten time to full enteral feeds; donor milk was associated with slower regain of bi
Early Enteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Children: Promising Associations but Very Low Certainty — What Clinicians Should Know
A systematic review and meta-analysis found early enteral nutrition (EEN) in critically ill children associated with lower mortality (adjusted OR 0.36) and improvements in several clinical outcomes, but evidence certainty is very low due to
Expectant Management Improves Early Survival Without Increasing BPD: Results from the PDA Randomized Clinical Trial
In extremely preterm infants with a protocol-defined PDA, expectant management yielded similar rates of death or BPD at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age but significantly higher survival compared with active pharmacologic closure.
School Feeding Programs: Comprehensive Evidence on Benefits for Socioeconomically Disadvantaged School Children’s Physical and Psychological Health
This review synthesizes global evidence, including meta-analyses, showing that school feeding programs modestly improve math achievement, enrollment, and growth metrics in socioeconomically disadvantaged children, with limited effects on re
Restrictive versus Liberal Transfusion Thresholds in Very Low Birthweight Infants: Fewer Transfusions Without Harm to Survival or Early Neurodevelopment
A Cochrane meta-analysis of six RCTs (3,451 infants) finds restrictive hemoglobin thresholds reduce transfusion exposure modestly with no detectable effect on mortality or neurodevelopmental impairment at 18–26 months.
Hemoglobin Rules in European PICUs: 12.8% of Children Received RBCs in 2023 — Many Transfused Above the 7 g/dL Threshold
A 28‑day point‑prevalence study across 44 European PICUs found 12.8% of children received red‑cell transfusions; hemoglobin was the dominant trigger, often above the recommended 7.0 g/dL threshold, and transfusion exposure correlated with 2
Higher Mortality When Children on Mechanical Ventilation Are Cared for Outside ICUs: National Japanese Cohort Signals Need for Pediatric ICU Centralization
A national retrospective cohort of 129,375 mechanically ventilated children in Japan found most received care on general wards and that ward care was associated with higher in-hospital mortality than ICU care after propensity matching (6.4%
Dose-Dependent Radiation and Chemotherapy Risks for Colorectal Subsequent Malignancies in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Clinical Implications from a CCSS Analysis
A CCSS analysis of 25,723 five-year childhood cancer survivors shows clear dose-response relationships between colorectum-specific radiation dose, irradiated colorectal volume, several chemotherapy exposures (notably procarbazine, high alky
Predicting Serious Bacterial Infections in Young Infants with Fever: A Safer Approach to Lumbar Punctures
An updated clinical prediction tool accurately identifies invasive bacterial infections in infants under 28 days old, potentially reducing unnecessary lumbar punctures while ensuring no cases of bacterial meningitis are missed.
Hydrocortisone in Preterm Infants and School-Age Functional Outcomes: Comprehensive Review of Evidence from Randomized Clinical Trials
Neonatal hydrocortisone treatment in preterm infants at high risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia does not improve school-age functional outcomes, highlighting the persistent burden of developmental impairment despite intervention.
Withholding Two Daunorubicin Doses in Induction Preserves Outcomes and Lowers Fungal Risk in Favorable-Risk Pediatric B-ALL
In children with favorable B-lineage ALL, omission of two daunorubicin doses late in induction was noninferior for 5-year EFS and OS and associated with fewer invasive fungal infections, supporting reduced anthracycline exposure in selected
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