Respiratory
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Nasal High Flow Therapy During Exercise in COPD: Incremental Gains in Dyspnoea and Endurance
Nasal high flow therapy modestly improves tidal volume and dyspnoea during exercise in severe COPD but has minimal effect on respiratory muscle workload or endurance capacity.
Global Insights into Childhood Bronchiectasis: The First Multinational Registry Study Reveals Striking Variations and Care Gaps
The first international paediatric bronchiectasis registry highlights significant regional differences in causes, management, and care quality, underscoring urgent needs for harmonized standards and improved multidisciplinary support.
AI-Enhanced Spirometry Interpretation in Primary Care: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial
AI decision support significantly improves primary care clinicians’ accuracy in spirometry diagnosis, especially for COPD, addressing a key gap in respiratory disease management.
Young COPD: Prevalence and Prognostic Impact in Adults Under 50 Years
COPD in adults under 50 affects 4.5% of this population and is linked to increased risks of early mortality and serious cardiopulmonary events, underscoring the need for early identification and intervention.
Empowering Parents: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Children With Asthma and ADHD
A randomized clinical trial demonstrates that an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-based parenting program reduces health care use, improves asthma control, and alleviates ADHD symptoms in children with both conditions.
Disparities in Inpatient Antibiotic Use for Pediatric Pneumonia: Minority and Low-Opportunity Children at Higher Risk of Overtreatment
Minority children and those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds receive significantly more and broader-spectrum antibiotics for pneumonia during hospitalization than non-Hispanic White counterparts, contrary to outpatient trends.
Ibuprofen vs. Acetaminophen: Which Fever Reducer is Right for You?
Explore the differences, uses, and safety of ibuprofen and acetaminophen for managing fever effectively.
Targeted Pneumococcal Vaccination in New Older Adult Care Home Residents: Evidence from National Surveillance in England
Vaccinating new older adult care home residents with PCV20 or PPV23 could prevent substantially more invasive pneumococcal disease cases and deaths per dose than standard age-based vaccination, supporting policy revision.
Impact of Maternal Pertussis Vaccination on Infant Immune Responses: Insights from the GaPS Trial in The Gambia
A phase 4 trial in The Gambia finds that maternal Tdap-IPV vaccination is safe and provides early infant protection, but modestly blunts immune responses to whole-cell pertussis vaccines without compromising overall immunogenicity.
Type 2 Inflammation Biomarkers and Dupilumab Response in COPD: Insights from the BOREAS Phase 3 Trial
Dupilumab significantly reduced type 2 inflammation biomarkers and exacerbation risk in COPD patients with elevated eosinophils, highlighting the value of biomarker-driven therapy.
Sotatercept in High-Risk Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Landmark Advance in Patient Outcomes
Sotatercept significantly reduces the risk of death, lung transplantation, or hospitalization in high-risk pulmonary arterial hypertension patients, marking a major advance in the management of this life-threatening disease.
Navigational Bronchoscopy Versus Transthoracic Needle Biopsy for Peripheral Lung Nodules: New Evidence from the VERITAS Trial
Navigational bronchoscopy offers noninferior diagnostic accuracy to transthoracic needle biopsy for peripheral pulmonary nodules, with notably fewer pneumothorax complications.
Nerandomilast for Idiopathic and Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis: Phase 3 Trial Insights
Phase 3 trials demonstrate that nerandomilast, a selective PDE4B inhibitor, significantly slows lung function decline in idiopathic and progressive pulmonary fibrosis over 52 weeks, with manageable safety profiles.
As-Needed Albuterol–Budesonide Therapy in Mild Asthma: Clinical Impact and Comparative Evidence
As-needed albuterol–budesonide significantly reduces severe exacerbations in mild asthma compared to albuterol alone, with comparable safety. Two pivotal trials confirm efficacy across lung function and exacerbation outcomes.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Prednisone and Methotrexate as First-Line Treatments for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
A recent multicenter trial demonstrates methotrexate’s noninferiority to prednisone in improving lung function at 24 weeks in pulmonary sarcoidosis, with distinct side-effect profiles informing treatment choices.
Influenza-Associated Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy in US Children
A multicenter US study highlights the devastating burden of influenza-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy in children, with high mortality and disability rates despite aggressive therapy, underscoring the urgent need for prevention
Digital Self-Management Tools Enhance Asthma Control
A randomized trial shows that a smartphone-based asthma self-management program improves symptom control in adults, though its effectiveness is attenuated in African American participants.
Understanding Persistent Cough in Children: Ear, Nose, and Throat Causes
Persistent cough in children may stem from ear, nose, and throat conditions like allergic rhinitis, upper airway cough syndrome, or chronic tonsillitis.
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