Pediatrics
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Bridging Pediatric and Adult HIV Care: Evaluating Outcomes and Perspectives from a Novel Transition Clinic for Young People Living with HIV
This mixed-methods study assesses a novel Adolescent and Young Adult Healthcare Transition (AYA HCT) clinic that achieved high retention but suboptimal viral suppression among youth with HIV, highlighting key strengths and barriers.
Parents’ Workplace Chemical Exposure May Relate to Behavioral and Developmental Challenges in Children with Autism
A study links parental workplace exposure to certain chemicals with greater autism severity and functional challenges in children; findings highlight occupational safety and further research needs without proving causation.
Ureteroscopy vs Shockwave Lithotripsy in Children and Adolescents: A Large Multicenter Nonrandomized Trial Challenges Current Practice
In 1,142 patients aged 8–21, a nonrandomized multicenter trial found no clinically meaningful difference in 6-week sonographic stone clearance between ureteroscopy and shockwave lithotripsy; SWL was associated with less pain and fewer misse
Ketogenic Diet vs Further Antiseizure Medication in Infants with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: What the KIWE Trial Adds to Clinical Practice
The KIWE randomised trial (Lancet Neurol 2023) found no superiority of a classic ketogenic diet over an additional antiseizure medication for seizure frequency in infants (1–24 months) with drug‑resistant epilepsy; tolerability and safety p
Unraveling the Gut-Brain Axis: Microbiota and Metabolite Shifts Predict Seizure Reduction in Children on the Ketogenic Diet
Serum metabolome and gut microbiota changes during ketogenic diet therapy correlate with seizure reduction in drug-resistant pediatric epilepsy, implicating plasmalogens and specific gut microbes in anti-seizure effects.
Intrathecal Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Therapy Plus Education: A Promising Approach for Autism Spectrum Disorder?
A phase II trial finds that intrathecal autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy combined with education significantly improves core symptoms and adaptive behaviors in young children with ASD compared to education alone.
Global Insights into Childhood Bronchiectasis: The First Multinational Registry Study Reveals Striking Variations and Care Gaps
The first international paediatric bronchiectasis registry highlights significant regional differences in causes, management, and care quality, underscoring urgent needs for harmonized standards and improved multidisciplinary support.
Emergency Response for Children Allergic to Mosquito and Insect Bites
Children are prone to allergic reactions after mosquito or insect bites. This guide explains how to manage symptoms promptly and effectively to prevent complications.
Silent Damage: Blood Pressure and Subclinical Cardiovascular Injury in Adolescents—Insights from the SHIP AHOY Study
The SHIP AHOY Study demonstrates that even modest elevations in blood pressure during adolescence are linked to a greater burden of subclinical target organ injury, underscoring the importance of early detection and intervention.
Darbepoetin in Preterm Infants: Enhancing Red Cell Mass without Neurodevelopmental Benefit
Weekly darbepoetin in extremely preterm infants increases red cell mass and reduces transfusion needs, but does not improve cognitive outcomes at 22-26 months’ corrected age.
Intensive Nurse Home Visiting and Early Childhood Outcomes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
A randomized trial assessing the impact of Nurse-Family Partnership home visits on child health and utilization over two years found no significant reduction in adverse outcomes but some decrease in emergency department use.
Paternal Perinatal Depression and Child Development: Unveiling an Overlooked Risk for the Next Generation
A systematic review and meta-analysis reveals that paternal perinatal depression, anxiety, and stress are associated with adverse developmental outcomes in children, highlighting the need for targeted interventions for fathers during the pe
Supplemental Donor Milk versus Infant Formula for Moderate to Late Preterm Infants: Implications from a Multisite Randomized Trial
A multisite RCT found no difference in time to full enteral feeds between donor human milk and formula in moderate to late preterm infants, but formula was associated with faster weight regain.
Peanut Intake in Infants Remains Low Despite Updated Allergy Prevention Guidelines
Despite recommendations for early allergen introduction, peanut intake among US infants remains low, with significant disparities by age and ethnicity. Tree nut and egg consumption trends also reveal notable demographic and temporal differe
Does Treating Older Siblings Enhance the Impact of Azithromycin on Infant Survival? Insights from a Cluster-Randomized Trial in Niger
Mass azithromycin administration to both infants and older children reduced infant mortality more than treating infants alone, with potential spillover benefits from treating older siblings.
Optimizing Daptomycin Use in Japanese Pediatric Patients: The Critical Roles of Dose and Renal Function
A multicenter study in Japan found that adequate daptomycin dosing significantly improves clinical outcomes in pediatric patients, while adverse events can occur regardless of renal function.
Perinatal Antibiotic Exposure Alters Neonatal Gut Microbiota in Preterm Infants: Clinical Implications for Infection Risk and Microbial Maturation
Perinatal antibiotic exposure in preterm infants disrupts gut microbiota composition, increasing pathogenic bacteria and reducing beneficial species, with implications for infection risk and the protective role of breastfeeding.
Disparities in Inpatient Antibiotic Use for Pediatric Pneumonia: Minority and Low-Opportunity Children at Higher Risk of Overtreatment
Minority children and those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds receive significantly more and broader-spectrum antibiotics for pneumonia during hospitalization than non-Hispanic White counterparts, contrary to outpatient trends.
Understanding Early Puberty in Children: Causes, Risks, and Prevention
This article explores the causes, implications, and prevention strategies for early puberty in children, supported by clinical insights and expert recommendations.
Ibuprofen vs. Acetaminophen: Which Fever Reducer is Right for You?
Explore the differences, uses, and safety of ibuprofen and acetaminophen for managing fever effectively.
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