Gastroenterology
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Probiotics Cut Clostridioides difficile Risk in Antibiotic-Exposed Patients — Small Benefit, Low Certainty
A 2025 Cochrane update finds probiotics may halve the relative risk of C. difficile-associated diarrhea in antibiotic-treated patients (ARR 1.6%, NNT 65) but evidence is low certainty and applicability varies with baseline risk.
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer: Promising Survival Signals but Very Low‑Certainty Evidence
A Cochrane review of nine RCTs (829 patients) found low‑certainty signals that intraperitoneal chemotherapy (mainly HIPEC) may improve overall survival in high‑risk and metastatic gastric cancer, but evidence is very uncertain due to bias,
Early‑Onset Colorectal Cancer: Parsing an Epidemiologic Artifact from True Molecular Signals — Toward a Clinically Actionable Molecular Taxonomy
Integrated analysis shows a 2013 NEN classification change inflated EOCRC counts in the youngest adults, while independent molecular studies reveal distinct hypermutated and non‑hypermutated EOCRC subtypes with higher MSI/TMB and pathway-sp
Condition-Specific Growth Charts and a New Medical Therapy for Alagille Syndrome: Implications for Growth Assessment and Symptom Control
Two recent multicenter studies provide condition-specific growth charts for children with Alagille syndrome and show that ileal bile acid transporter inhibition with odevixibat reduces pruritus and serum bile acids — reshaping growth assess
Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Survival Outcomes in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: An Evidence-Based Review
Proton pump inhibitor use, particularly potent ALDH1A1-activating PPIs, is associated with worse survival in newly diagnosed glioblastoma, highlighting the need for cautious use and further mechanistic research.
Midline Paracentesis May Lower Bleeding Risk: Evidence From a 4,500‑Procedure Retrospective Review
A large single‑center retrospective review found zero hemorrhagic complications after midline ultrasound‑guided paracentesis versus 60 events after lateral approaches (0/230 vs 60/4,283; p=0.03), suggesting the midline (linea alba) approach
Glecirasib, Alone and with Cetuximab, Shows Activity in KRASG12C-Mutant Colorectal Cancer — Combination Nearly Doubles Response Rate
Phase 1/2 data show oral glecirasib has single-agent activity (ORR 23%) in KRASG12C colorectal cancer; adding cetuximab raises ORR to 50% with manageable toxicity, supporting further randomized testing and earlier-line combination strategie
Real-time Sepsis Risk Prediction in Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Validated Dynamic Monitoring Tool That Improves Early Stratification
A multicenter Chinese study developed and validated a real-time nomogram that predicts sepsis in acute gastrointestinal bleeding (AGIB) using clinical and laboratory variables; the tool showed strong discrimination (AUCs 0.827–0.884), good
Mirikizumab Shows Promising Efficacy and Acceptable Safety in Pediatric Moderately-to-Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis: Results from the SHINE-1 Phase 2 Trial
The multicentre open-label SHINE-1 phase 2 trial found that mirikizumab produced clinically meaningful induction and maintenance responses in children with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis, with an acceptable safety profile over 52 wee
Total Neoadjuvant Therapy Enables Organ Preservation Without Compromising Distant Control in pMMR/MSS Stage II–III Rectal Cancer: Insights from the NO-CUT Trial
The NO-CUT phase 2 trial shows that total neoadjuvant therapy (CAPOX-based TNT) followed by non-operative management for clinical complete responders achieved high 30‑month distant relapse‑free survival (95%) and enabled organ preservation
Routine 5–7 Day Antibiotic Prophylaxis After Upper GI Bleeding in Cirrhosis: New Meta-analysis Questions the Mortality Benefit
A 2025 bayesian meta-analysis of 14 RCTs (n=1,322) found shorter or no antibiotic prophylaxis after upper GI bleeding in cirrhosis was highly likely to be noninferior for mortality, though it increased reported bacterial infections. Study l
Cirrhosis Incidence Across Socioeconomic and Demographic Groups in Sweden: A Register-Based Cohort Study and Its Global Context
This review synthesizes evidence on rising cirrhosis incidence in Sweden, highlighting marked socioeconomic disparities particularly in ALD- and MASLD-related cirrhosis, with broader implications across high-income countries for targeted pr
Rifasutenizol-Based Triple Therapy Versus Bismuth Plus Clarithromycin Triple Therapy for First-Line Helicobacter pylori Eradication: Analysis of the EVEREST-HP Phase 3 Trial in China
EVEREST-HP demonstrates that rifasutenizol-based triple therapy offers non-inferior H. pylori eradication with improved tolerability compared to bismuth plus clarithromycin triple therapy in treatment-naive Chinese patients.
Efficacy and Implementation of a Digital Cognitive Behavioural Self-Management Programme (IBD-BOOST) for Fatigue, Pain, and Faecal Incontinence in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Review
This review evaluates the IBD-BOOST digital cognitive behavioural self-management intervention’s design, trial outcomes, process evaluation, and clinical implications for managing fatigue, pain, and faecal incontinence in IBD.
GLP‑1 Receptor Agonists Associated with Lower Fibrosis Progression in MASLD and T2DM: Target‑Trial Emulation of Real‑World Data
A target-trial emulation of 4,476 matched T2DM patients with early MASLD found GLP-1RA use was associated with a 25% lower hazard of progression to high-risk FIB‑4 versus DPP‑4i (HR 0.75); no difference was seen for hard liver outcomes.
Doublet Chemotherapy Plus EGFR/BRAF Targeting Yields Best Survival in Advanced BRAF‑Mutated Colorectal Cancer: A 4,633‑Patient Network Meta‑Analysis
A BMJ systematic review and network meta‑analysis of 60 studies (4,633 patients) finds doublet chemotherapy combined with anti‑EGFR/BRAF therapy offers the best first‑line overall survival for advanced BRAF‑mutant colorectal cancer; anti‑EG
Type 3c Diabetes from Chronic Pancreatitis: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Practical Management
This article synthesizes current understanding of type 3c diabetes (T3cDM) caused by chronic pancreatitis—covering pathophysiology (islet loss, exocrine insufficiency, altered incretin and hepatic/peripheral insulin sensitivity), diagnostic
AI-Derived Body Composition Analysis Unveils Muscle Volume, Metformin-Associated Adipose Effects, and the Obesity Paradox in NSCLC: Clinical and Molecular Insights
AI-driven analysis identifies muscle volume as a robust predictor of survival in NSCLC, highlights metformin-modulated adipose effects, and elucidates molecular links to the obesity paradox, informing personalized prognosis beyond BMI.
SGLT2 Inhibitors Linked to Lower Fibrosis Progression than DPP‑4 Inhibitors in MASLD with T2DM: Target‑Trial Emulation of Real‑World Cohorts
A multicenter target‑trial emulation found SGLT2 inhibitor initiation was associated with a 22% lower risk of progression to advanced fibrosis (confirmed FIB‑4 >2.67) versus DPP‑4 inhibitors in adults with MASLD and T2DM and low‑to‑intermed
Pemvidutide Produces Rapid Reductions in Liver Fat and AI‑Quantified Fibrosis in Early Phase Trials — Promise and Unanswered Questions
Pemvidutide, a dual GLP‑1/glucagon receptor agonist, reduced liver fat markedly and produced small but statistically significant reductions in AI‑quantified fibrosis over 24 weeks in phase 2 studies, but longer trials with clinical endpoint
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