Infectious Diseases
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One Dose of HPV Vaccine Noninferior to Two: Implications for Global Cervical Cancer Prevention
A randomized trial of 20,330 girls 12–16 years shows one dose of bivalent or nonavalent HPV vaccine prevents persistent HPV16/18 infection as effectively as two doses over 5 years, with high effectiveness and no safety signals.
Novel Type 1 and Type 3 Live Attenuated Oral Poliovirus Vaccines Show Comparable Safety, Immunogenicity, and Shedding to Sabin mOPV in First‑in‑Human Phase 1 Trial
A multicentre phase 1 trial in healthy US adults found nOPV1 and nOPV3 were well tolerated and induced robust homotypic neutralising antibody responses with shedding profiles similar to Sabin monovalent OPV, supporting progression to phase
EuTCV Vi‑CRM197 (Single‑ and Multidose) Is Non‑Inferior to Typbar TCV in Infants and Well Tolerated Across Age Groups in Kenya and Senegal
A multicentre phase 3 trial shows single‑ and multidose EuTCV (Vi‑CRM197) are immunologically non‑inferior to Typbar TCV in infants 9–12 months, with comparable safety and reactogenicity across ages — supporting WHO prequalification.
High Viral Suppression with TLD in PEPFAR Programs — But Resistance and Adherence Signals Require Targeted Action
A multinational prospective cohort found high viral suppression after switching or initiating tenofovir–lamivudine–dolutegravir (TLD), but emergent dolutegravir-resistance was detected in a small subgroup with prior virological failure and
Daily High‑Dose Mosnodenvir Significantly Lowers DENV‑3 Viremia in a Human Challenge — Proof‑of‑Concept with Early Resistance Signals
In a phase 2a human challenge, high‑dose daily mosnodenvir substantially reduced DENV‑3 RNA burden versus placebo without serious adverse events, but treatment‑associated NS4B viral mutations emerged, highlighting efficacy and resistance co
Routine 5–7 Day Antibiotic Prophylaxis After Upper GI Bleeding in Cirrhosis: New Meta-analysis Questions the Mortality Benefit
A 2025 bayesian meta-analysis of 14 RCTs (n=1,322) found shorter or no antibiotic prophylaxis after upper GI bleeding in cirrhosis was highly likely to be noninferior for mortality, though it increased reported bacterial infections. Study l
Olorofim Offers a New Salvage Option for Drug‑Resistant Invasive Fungal Disease — Phase 2b Results
Phase 2b data show olorofim has activity and acceptable tolerability in patients with invasive fungal disease and limited options, including azole‑resistant Aspergillus and intrinsically resistant moulds, supporting further controlled studi
Immunogenicity and HPV Infection After One, Two, and Three Doses of Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine in Indian Girls: A Multicentre Prospective Cohort Study
This study evaluates immune responses and HPV infection rates in Indian girls after receiving one, two, or three doses of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine, supporting WHO’s recommendation for two doses spaced at least six months apart.
Single-dose Cervarix induces durable seropositivity but fails HPV‑16 GMC non-inferiority versus three-dose Gardasil-4: implications from the PRIMAVERA immunobridging trial
PRIMAVERA immunobridging shows single-dose Cervarix induces near-universal seropositivity at 36 months and non-inferior HPV-18 antibodies versus three-dose Gardasil-4, but HPV-16 antibody GMCs were lower; results inform but do not yet suppo
Bivalent RSV pre‑F Vaccine Dramatically Reduces RSV‑Associated Hospitalisations and Chronic‑Disease Exacerbations in Adults Aged 75–79 Years
In a multicentre test‑negative study of 1006 adults aged 75–79 in England, a bivalent RSV pre‑F vaccine reduced RSV‑associated hospitalisation by 82% overall and protected against severe disease and exacerbations of chronic heart and lung d
Voriconazole Not Superior to Itraconazole for Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis: VICTOR-CPA Trial Reaffirms Itraconazole as First-Line in India
A randomized trial in India found no superiority of oral voriconazole over itraconazole for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis at 6 months; efficacy was similar, but voriconazole caused more adverse events.
Three-Month Clofazimine–Rifapentine Regimen for Drug‑Susceptible TB Failed to Improve Outcomes and Raised Safety Concerns: Lessons from Clo‑Fast (Phase 2c)
The Clo‑Fast phase 2c trial tested a 3‑month rifapentine‑clofazimine regimen versus standard 6‑month therapy for drug‑susceptible pulmonary TB. Culture conversion at 12 weeks was similar, but shorter therapy had higher grade ≥3 adverse even
Orodispersible Ivermectin and Moxidectin–Albendazole Combinations Deliver Major Gains Against Trichuris trichiura in Children: Dose‑response, Safety, and Programmatic Implications
Two randomized trials from Pemba Island show orodispersible ivermectin–albendazole yields dose‑dependent high cure rates in preschool children, and moxidectin–albendazole is superior to albendazole alone in school‑aged children, both with a
Single low‑dose primaquine (0.25 mg/kg) is safe and effective for blocking Plasmodium falciparum transmission in children and adults
A pooled individual‑patient meta‑analysis (6056 participants) shows single low‑dose primaquine (0.25 mg/kg) added to ACTs reduces gametocyte carriage and mosquito infectivity across ages and transmission settings without increasing clinical
Human Monoclonal Antibody MAM01 for Malaria Prevention: Phase 1 Trial Insights and Context in Antimalarial Monoclonal Antibody Development
This review synthesizes evidence on MAM01, a monoclonal antibody targeting Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein, summarizing its first-in-human phase 1 trial demonstrating safety and protective efficacy, alongside contextual advan
DEN-CORE: An international consensus COMS to standardise dengue clinical trials
An international Delphi consensus defined a Core Outcome Measurement Set (COMS) for dengue trials to harmonise outcome selection and measurement across settings, improving comparability and evidence synthesis.
Ensitrelvir Matches Ritonavir‑Boosted Nirmatrelvir for Rapid SARS‑CoV‑2 Clearance — PLATCOV Phase 2 Results Support an Alternative Oral Mpro Inhibitor
Phase 2 PLATCOV results show oral ensitrelvir accelerates SARS‑CoV‑2 clearance versus no drug and has antiviral effects close to ritonavir‑boosted nirmatrelvir, supporting further phase 3 evaluation.
Marburg Virus Disease in Rwanda, 2024: Epidemiology, Clinical Management, and Public Health Response
This review synthesizes evidence from Rwanda’s 2024 Marburg virus disease outbreak, highlighting epidemiologic characteristics, clinical presentations, investigational therapeutics, and vaccine deployment strategies that contributed to outb
An 18‑Month VLA15 Booster Elicits Robust Anti‑OspA Responses and Shows Favorable Tolerability Across Ages
An 18‑month booster of the VLA15 Lyme vaccine candidate produced strong anamnestic anti‑OspA IgG responses exceeding primary‑series levels in children, adolescents, and adults, with a tolerability profile similar to primary doses.
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