Infectious Diseases
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Long-Term Clinical and Immunological Landscape Following Monkeypox Virus Infection and MVA-BN Vaccination: Insights from the Belgian MPX-COHORT and POQS-FU-PLUS Studies
This review synthesizes 24-month follow-up data on monkeypox virus infection and MVA-BN vaccination, detailing durable immunity post-infection, comparative antibody kinetics, and clinical sequelae, informing future vaccination strategies an
A Single Shot Against Rift Valley Fever? Phase 1 ChAdOx1 RVF Trial Shows Acceptable Safety and Robust Immune Responses in Uganda
In a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial in Uganda, a single intramuscular dose of ChAdOx1 RVF (adenovirus-vectored) was well tolerated and induced rapid T-cell responses and neutralising antibodies, supporting further evaluation o
Shorter Is Safe: Adjusted Analyses of BALANCE Confirm Non‑Inferiority of 7‑Day Antibiotic Courses for Uncomplicated Bloodstream Infection
A post-hoc analysis of the BALANCE randomized trial shows that after accounting for treatment non-adherence using causal inference methods, 7 days of antibiotics for uncomplicated non‑Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection remains non‑
Targeted Vaccination Is Most Efficient but Not Cost‑Effective: National Serosurvey and Modelling of Japanese Encephalitis in Bangladesh
A nationally representative serosurvey and transmission modelling study in Bangladesh estimates low population-level JEV exposure but large numbers of infections annually; spatially targeted vaccination would be most efficient, though not c
Post‑COVID Resurgence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in French Children: Hospital Burden, Risk Factors for ICU Admission, and Clinical Implications
A nationwide French multicentre cohort (ORIGAMI) documents a substantial 2023–24 paediatric hospitalisation surge from Mycoplasma pneumoniae, identifies older age, asthma, comorbidity and erythema multiforme as ICU risk factors, and highlig
Recombinant Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine (RIV4) Shows Non‑Inferior Immunogenicity and Acceptable Safety in 9–17‑Year‑Olds: Results of a Phase 3 Immunobridging Study
A phase 3 immunobridging study found that a single dose of recombinant quadrivalent influenza vaccine (RIV4) induced non‑inferior HAI responses in 9–17‑year‑olds vs 18–49‑year‑olds, with a comparable safety profile and fewer solicited react
Brand-Specific Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Nordic Older Adults: Insights from the 2024-2025 Season Registry-Based Target Trial Emulation
This comprehensive review synthesizes recent evidence on brand-specific influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) among adults aged ≥65 in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden during the 2024-2025 season, underscoring heterogeneous VE profiles and the c
IDSA 2025 Update: Stronger Flu and RSV Vaccine Recommendations for Immunocompromised People — What Clinicians Need to Know
The Infectious Diseases Society of America now recommends annual high-dose or adjuvanted influenza vaccine and a single RSV dose for most immunocompromised persons; timing around immunosuppression and household immunization are emphasized.
Pfizer’s Modified mRNA Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine Demonstrates 34.5% Relative Efficacy vs Licensed Inactivated Vaccine in Phase 3 Trial
A phase 3 trial of Pfizer’s quadrivalent modified mRNA influenza vaccine (n≈18,476) showed 34.5% relative efficacy vs a licensed inactivated vaccine for laboratory-confirmed influenza (A strains) with higher reactogenicity but low rates of
Remote Cognitive Training, Structured Rehabilitation and tDCS Failed to Improve Self‑Reported Cognitive Symptoms in Long COVID: Results from a 5‑Arm Phase 2 Randomized Trial
A multicenter phase 2 randomized trial found no differential benefit of adaptive computerized cognitive training, structured cognitive rehabilitation, or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) versus active comparators for self‑repo
A Novel H3N2 Variant on the Rise: What Clinicians and Public Health Systems Need to Know for 2025–26
Emerging H3N2 subclade K has driven increased influenza activity abroad and may seed the 2025–26 northern hemisphere season. Surveillance gaps complicate risk assessment; vaccination and early antiviral use remain central clinical strategie
Bird Flu Returns: Understanding the Risks and Staying Safe
An adult male in Washington has tested positive for avian flu, marking a resurgence after 9 months. This article explores the scientific evidence, recent outbreaks, and practical advice to prevent infection.
GanLum (KLU156): A New Class of Antimalarial Showing 97.4% PCR‑Corrected Cure in Phase III
A Phase III trial of ganaplacide‑lumefantrine (GanLum, KLU156) met its primary non‑inferiority endpoint vs artemether‑lumefantrine, with a PCR‑corrected Day‑29 cure rate of 97.4% (estimand). The drug combines a novel mechanism (ganaplacide)
Emergence of a Novel Mammarenavirus Closely Related to Lassa Virus in a Patient with Meningoencephalitis in Chad
A 37-year-old man developed meningoencephalitis caused by a novel mammarenavirus genetically related to Lassa virus after travel to Chad, highlighting emergence of a new pathogen with distinct clinical features.
Elebsiran Combined with Pegylated Interferon Alfa for Chronic Hepatitis B: Advances from Phase 2 Clinical Trials
Phase 2 studies demonstrate that elebsiran, a small interfering RNA, combined with PEG-IFNα, enhances sustained HBsAg loss rates in chronic HBV infection, offering a promising approach toward functional cure.
Long‑acting Cabotegravir–Rilpivirine Achieves Durable Viral Suppression at 96 Weeks in African CARES Trial: A Practical Leap for HIV Treatment Delivery
The CARES phase 3b trial in Africa found cabotegravir + rilpivirine long‑acting injections every 8 weeks noninferior to continued oral ART for viral suppression at 96 weeks, with an acceptable safety profile and implementation consideration
Dolutegravir + Lamivudine Is Non‑Inferior to Bictegravir/FTC/TAF for Maintenance Therapy at 48 Weeks: PASO‑DOBLE Randomised Trial
In PASO‑DOBLE, switching virologically suppressed adults to dolutegravir/lamivudine maintained viral suppression at 48 weeks and was non‑inferior to switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide, supporting shared decision‑ma
A 21‑Valent Adult Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (V116) Is Immunogenic and Well Tolerated in People Living with HIV: Results from STRIDE‑7
In STRIDE‑7, the adult‑specific 21‑valent conjugate vaccine V116 produced robust opsonophagocytic responses across all 21 serotypes and had a favorable tolerability profile in adults living with HIV, supporting broader serotype coverage com
Cefiderocol Non‑Inferior to Standard Therapy for Hospital‑Acquired Gram‑Negative Bacteraemia: Insights from the GAME CHANGER Trial
The GAME CHANGER randomized trial found cefiderocol non‑inferior to standard‑of‑care antibiotics for 14‑day mortality in hospital‑acquired and healthcare‑associated Gram‑negative bloodstream infection; no superiority was seen, including in
Cefazolin Is Non‑Inferior to Cloxacillin for MSSA Bacteraemia and Causes Less Kidney Injury: The CloCeBa Randomised Trial
The CloCeBa trial found cefazolin non‑inferior to cloxacillin for meticillin‑susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteraemia, with similar 90‑day composite outcomes and substantially lower rates of serious adverse events and acute kidn
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