Respiratory
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Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation: An Updated Review
This review examines the safety and effectiveness of electronic cigarettes as aids to quit smoking, showing increased abstinence rates compared to traditional therapies and no significant serious adverse events reported.
Nicotine E-Cigarettes Show Higher Quit Rates Than Traditional Nicotine Replacement Therapy
Updated Cochrane review finds nicotine e-cigarettes increase smoking cessation success compared to NRT and non-nicotine e-cigarettes, with no clear difference in serious adverse events.
Biofeedback vs Respiratory Retraining: No Significant Difference in Inducible Laryngeal Obstruction Relief
A pilot trial finds biofeedback and respiratory retraining equally effective for inducible laryngeal obstruction, offering clinicians flexible, patient-tailored options.
Reevaluating the Link Between Household Air Pollution from Biomass Cooking and Severe Pneumonia in Infants: A Comprehensive Evidence Synthesis
Recent high-quality studies challenge the presumed association between household air pollution from biomass cooking and severe infant pneumonia, highlighting inconsistent exposure-response relationships for PM2.5 and CO.
Development and Validation of an Interpretable Hybrid Machine Learning Model for Predicting Long-term Lung Transplant Outcomes
This review synthesizes evidence on a novel hybrid machine learning model leveraging US lung transplant registry data to predict mortality or retransplant risk at 1, 5, and 10 years, highlighting its clinical utility and balanced interpreta
Effectiveness of Automated Closed-Loop Ventilation versus Protocolized Conventional Ventilation in Critically Ill Adults: A Comprehensive Evidence Review
Automated closed-loop ventilation improves ventilation quality but does not increase ventilator-free days at day 28 compared to protocolized conventional ventilation in critically ill adults, with benefits in safety profiles and caregiver w
Digital twins suggest APRV can lower mechanical power and tidal recruitment versus PCV in ARDS — modeling evidence and clinical implications
High-fidelity digital twins of 98 ARDS patients indicate APRV (Phigh 25/Plow 0, long Tinsp, short Tlow to 75% peak expiratory flow) reduced mechanical power by ~32% and tidal recruitment by ~34% versus recorded PCV, at the cost of controlle
Five-Year Survival and Quality of Life After ECMO: Good Long-Term Outcomes but Persistent Functional Burden
A large prospective Dutch cohort reports 36% five-year survival after ECMO with generally satisfactory health-related quality of life (median EQ-5D 0.82) but ongoing problems with pain, mobility, activities, and work capacity.
Frailty Amplifies Mortality Risk Across the PaO2/FiO2 Spectrum: Insights from a 497,185‑Patient ANZICS Cohort
In a 497,185‑patient registry study, frailty (CFS ≥5) was common and associated with substantially higher in‑hospital mortality across all severities of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). The relationship between PaO2/FiO2 and deat
Starting Durvalumab with Chemoradiotherapy in Unresectable Stage III NSCLC Did Not Improve Outcomes: PACIFIC-2 Recalibrates the Timing of Immunotherapy
The phase III PACIFIC-2 trial found that giving durvalumab from the start of definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy failed to improve progression-free or overall survival versus placebo; consolidation durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy rem
Fewer Post‑Traumatic ARDS Cases but Rising Mortality: A 2007–2019 NTDB Cohort Analysis
A 2007–2019 National Trauma Data Bank analysis found ARDS incidence among ventilated trauma patients fell substantially, yet ARDS remained independently associated with increased 30‑day mortality and crude ARDS mortality rose to nearly 30%.
Hydrocortisone in Preterm Infants and School-Age Functional Outcomes: Comprehensive Review of Evidence from Randomized Clinical Trials
Neonatal hydrocortisone treatment in preterm infants at high risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia does not improve school-age functional outcomes, highlighting the persistent burden of developmental impairment despite intervention.
Both Too Little and Too Much Respiratory Drive and Effort Predict Worse Outcomes on Mechanical Ventilation: Insights from a Prospective Toronto Cohort
A prospective registry study found a U-shaped relationship between respiratory drive/effort and ICU outcomes: both low and high drive/effort linked with higher mortality and slower discharge, especially when oxygenation (PaO2:FiO2) ≤150 mmH
Checkpoint inhibition for frail patients: Durvalumab with carboplatin–etoposide shows tolerability and a 1‑year survival signal in poor‑performance‑status extensive‑stage SCLC (NEJ045A)
NEJ045A shows durvalumab plus carboplatin–etoposide is feasible in ES‑SCLC patients with PS2–3, with induction completion rates above thresholds and a 1‑year survival of 43.4% overall, supporting cautious use of chemo‑immunotherapy in selec
Dupilumab Surpasses Omalizumab for Type‑2 Respiratory Disease: Converging Evidence from a Head‑to‑Head RCT, Real‑World US Data, and a Target‑Trial Emulation
Three complementary studies—EVEREST (head‑to‑head RCT), the US ADVANTAGE real‑world study, and a target‑trial emulation—consistently show greater reductions in nasal polyp burden, smell loss, asthma exacerbations, and systemic steroid use w
SMARCA4-altered Resectable and Advanced NSCLC: Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy Works for Squamous, But KRAS+STK11/KEAP1 Co-mutations Define an Immune‑Cold High‑Risk Subset
Two contemporary series show that SMARCA4‑altered NSCLC is molecularly and clinically heterogeneous: squamous tumors have high pathologic responses to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy, while non‑squamous tumors—especially those with co‑occurr
PLCOm2012 Risk-Based Selection Outperforms NELSON Criteria for Lung Cancer Detection in Germany: Findings from the HANSE Cohort
In HANSE, PLCOm2012 (6‑year risk ≥1.58%) selected more lung cancers and yielded a lower number needed to screen than NELSON criteria, supporting risk-model selection for CT screening programs, with caveats on generalisability and mortality
Rising Inhaler Emissions in the US: 1.6 Billion Devices, 25 Million Tons CO2e, and $5.7B in Social Costs
A JAMA serial cross‑sectional analysis finds US outpatient inhaler dispensing (2014–2024) produced ~24.9 million metric tons CO2e, mostly from metered‑dose inhalers; policy and clinical shifts to dry‑powder/soft‑mist devices and low‑GWP pro
Morphine Does Not Relieve Chronic Breathlessness: The MABEL Trial Finds No Benefit and Signals More Harms
A UK multicentre randomized placebo‑controlled trial (MABEL) showed no improvement in worst breathlessness with low‑dose oral morphine versus placebo at 28 days, with more adverse events and withdrawals in the morphine arm.
Bivalent RSV pre‑F Vaccine Dramatically Reduces RSV‑Associated Hospitalisations and Chronic‑Disease Exacerbations in Adults Aged 75–79 Years
In a multicentre test‑negative study of 1006 adults aged 75–79 in England, a bivalent RSV pre‑F vaccine reduced RSV‑associated hospitalisation by 82% overall and protected against severe disease and exacerbations of chronic heart and lung d
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