Introduction
The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and healthy fats, is well established as beneficial for cardiovascular health. A debated component of this diet is wine consumption, which some studies suggest may confer health benefits, especially when consumed moderately, while others highlight potential risks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between adherence to the MedDiet—with and without wine consumption—and the risks of major cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and all-cause mortality in two large Spanish cohorts: the older, high-risk PREDIMED study and the younger, general-population SUN project.
