Stimulating thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TSHR antibodies) upregulate both TSHR and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression on fibroblasts, key players in thyroid eye disease (TED). This effect is mediated primarily through receptor recycling rather than increased gene transcription and can be inhibited by blocking endocytosis, unveiling potential therapeutic avenues.
Study Background
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