The MIDDEL trial found that neither group music therapy nor recreational choir singing significantly reduced depressive symptoms at 6 months compared to standard care.
Significant heterogeneity was observed across the six participating countries, indicating that cultural and systemic care factors are primary predictors of intervention outcomes.
The study challenges previous smaller-scale evidence and highlights the difficulty of scaling active music interventions in diverse care home environments.
Future research must focus on personalized, context-specific implementations rather than generalized, one-size-fits-all music programs.
Background
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