
Cardiologyacute kidney injurycardiac surgery
Perioperative Nitric Oxide Conditioning in Cardiac Surgery: A Paradigm Shift for Protecting Renal Function in CKD Patients (DEFENDER Trial Review)
By MedXY|Oct 4, 2025
Perioperative nitric oxide administration in CKD patients undergoing cardiac surgery significantly reduces acute kidney injury incidence and preserves renal function, while demonstrating safety and additional benefits against postoperative

