Introduction
Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes, is an escalating global health concern with complex causative factors. Among them, obesity is a well-established risk factor, while alcohol consumption has demonstrated variable impacts on diabetes risk depending on quantity and pattern of intake. Understanding the independent and combined effects of obesity and alcohol consumption is critical for refining prevention strategies. This study aims to clarify how these factors jointly influence incident diabetes risk when exposures are considered both at baseline and over time, as well as to analyze the nature of their interactions using multiplicative and additive models within an Asian prospective cohort.
