Cardiologybiomarkerschronic heart failure
Cellular Adhesion Molecules as Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Insights in Chronic Heart Failure: Integrative Review Emphasizing DAPA-HF Findings
By MedXY|Dec 3, 2025
Elevated VCAM-1 levels correlate with worse outcomes in chronic HFrEF, independent of conventional markers; dapagliflozin’s benefits are consistent across VCAM-1 levels, highlighting inflammatory pathways as therapeutic targets.
